{
  "title": "A man-made disease",
  "title_zh": "人为的疾病",
  "body": {
    "type": "narrative",
    "paragraphs": [
      {
        "en": "In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit.",
        "zh": "在澳大利亚移民初期，一些有创业精神的移民不明智地把欧洲兔子引进了澳大利亚。"
      },
      {
        "en": "This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits.",
        "zh": "这种兔子在澳大利亚及新西兰没有天敌，因此便以兔子所特有的杂乱交配迅猛繁殖起来。"
      },
      {
        "en": "It overran a whole continent.",
        "zh": "整个澳洲兔子成灾。"
      },
      {
        "en": "It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle.",
        "zh": "它们在地下打洞，吃掉本可以饲养数百万头牛羊的牧草，给澳洲大陆造成了毁灭性的破坏。"
      },
      {
        "en": "Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis.",
        "zh": "科学家们发现，这种特殊品种的兔子（显然不包括别的动物）易患一种叫“多发性粘液瘤”的致命毒性疾病。"
      },
      {
        "en": "By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created.",
        "zh": "通过让染上此病的动物在洞内乱跑，就可以使这种疾病在一个地区蔓延起来。"
      },
      {
        "en": "Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits.",
        "zh": "后来又发现，有一种蚊子是传播这种疾病的媒介，能把此病传染给兔子。"
      },
      {
        "en": "So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one.",
        "zh": "因此，世界上其他地方在设法消灭蚊子的时候，澳大利亚却在促使这种蚊子大量繁殖。"
      },
      {
        "en": "It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population.",
        "zh": "蚊子把这种疾病扩散到整个澳洲大陆，效果甚佳，结果兔子的数目在为减少。"
      },
      {
        "en": "It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated.",
        "zh": "后来，明显看出，兔子对这种疾病已产生了一定程度的免疫力，所以兔子不可能被完全消灭。"
      },
      {
        "en": "There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.",
        "zh": "但是，已有希望解决兔子所带来的问题。"
      },
      {
        "en": "Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence.",
        "zh": "具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲把这种兔子作为有害动物传给澳洲，而欧洲自己却染上了这种人为的瘟疫般的疾病。"
      },
      {
        "en": "A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis.",
        "zh": "一位法国内科医生决定除掉自己庄园内的野兔子，于是引进了这种多发性粘液瘤疾病。"
      },
      {
        "en": "It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate.",
        "zh": "然而，这种疾病并未被局限在他的庄园内，结果在整个法国蔓延开来。"
      },
      {
        "en": "It spread through France where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry.",
        "zh": "野兔在法国一般不被当作有害动物，而被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有用的食物来源。这种疾病又蔓延到了英国。在英国，野兔被当作有害的动物，可是家兔是赚钱的毛皮工业的基础，然而家兔同样易感染这种疾病。"
      },
      {
        "en": "The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.",
        "zh": "现在的问题是，人类能否控制住这种人为的疾病。"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitles": [
    {
      "timestamp": null,
      "en": "[ti:A Man-made Disease]",
      "zh": "人为的疾病"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": null,
      "en": "Lesson 17",
      "zh": "第 17 课"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:02.78",
      "en": "A man-made disease",
      "zh": "人为的疾病"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:11.76",
      "en": "What factor helped to spread the disease of myxomatosis?",
      "zh": "是什么因素导致了兔黏液瘤病的传播？"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:18.28",
      "en": "In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit.",
      "zh": "在澳大利亚移民初期，一些有创业精神的移民不明智地把欧洲兔子引进了澳大利亚。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:28.42",
      "en": "This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits.",
      "zh": "这种兔子在澳大利亚及新西兰没有天敌，因此便以兔子所特有的杂乱交配迅猛繁殖起来。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:40.42",
      "en": "It overran a whole continent.",
      "zh": "整个澳洲兔子成灾。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:43.87",
      "en": "It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle.",
      "zh": "它们在地下打洞，吃掉本可以饲养数百万头牛羊的牧草，给澳洲大陆造成了毁灭性的破坏。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:52.99",
      "en": "Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis.",
      "zh": "科学家们发现，这种特殊品种的兔子（显然不包括别的动物）易患一种叫“多发性粘液瘤”的致命毒性疾病。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:06.84",
      "en": "By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created.",
      "zh": "通过让染上此病的动物在洞内乱跑，就可以使这种疾病在一个地区蔓延起来。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:15.06",
      "en": "Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits.",
      "zh": "后来又发现，有一种蚊子是传播这种疾病的媒介，能把此病传染给兔子。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:23.84",
      "en": "So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one.",
      "zh": "因此，世界上其他地方在设法消灭蚊子的时候，澳大利亚却在促使这种蚊子大量繁殖。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:31.14",
      "en": "It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabit population.",
      "zh": "蚊子把这种疾病扩散到整个澳洲大陆，效果甚佳，结果兔子的数目在为减少。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:39.62",
      "en": "It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease,",
      "zh": "后来，明显看出，兔子对这种疾病已产生了一定程度的免疫力，"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:45.88",
      "en": "so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated.",
      "zh": "所以兔子不可能被完全消灭。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:51.88",
      "en": "There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.",
      "zh": "但是，已有希望解决兔子所带来的问题。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:58.72",
      "en": "Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence.",
      "zh": "具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲把这种兔子作为有害动物传给澳洲，而欧洲自己却染上了这种人为的瘟疫般的疾病。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "02:09.37",
      "en": "A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis.",
      "zh": "一位法国内科医生决定除掉自己庄园内的野兔子，于是引进了这种多发性粘液瘤疾病。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "02:17.03",
      "en": "It did not, however, remain within the confines of this estate.",
      "zh": "然而，这种疾病并未被局限在他的庄园内，结果在整个法国蔓延开来。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "02:22.13",
      "en": "It spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply,",
      "zh": "野兔在法国一般不被当作有害动物，而被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有用的食物来源。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "02:31.53",
      "en": "and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits,",
      "zh": "这种疾病又蔓延到了英国。在英国，野兔被当作有害的动物，"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "02:38.62",
      "en": "equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry.",
      "zh": "可是家兔是赚钱的毛皮工业的基础，然而家兔同样易感染这种疾病。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "02:45.50",
      "en": "The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.",
      "zh": "现在的问题是，人类能否控制住这种人为的疾病。"
    }
  ],
  "book": 4,
  "lesson": 17
}