{
  "title": "Banks and their customers",
  "title_zh": "银行和顾客",
  "body": {
    "type": "narrative",
    "paragraphs": [
      {
        "en": "When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.",
        "zh": "任何人在银行开一个活期账户，就等于把钱借给了银行。这笔钱他可以随时提取，提取的方式可以是取现金，也可以是开一张以他人为收款人的支票。"
      },
      {
        "en": "Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor — who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.",
        "zh": "银行与储户的关系主要是债务人和债权人的关系。究竟谁是债务人谁是债权人，要看储户是有结余还是透支。"
      },
      {
        "en": "But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.",
        "zh": "除了这一基本的简单的概念外，银行和储户彼此还需承担大量义务。"
      },
      {
        "en": "Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.",
        "zh": "其中许多义务往往引起问题和纠纷。但是储户不能像货物的买主那样来抱怨法律对自己不利。"
      },
      {
        "en": "The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.",
        "zh": "银行必须遵照储户的嘱托办事，不能听从其他人的指令。"
      },
      {
        "en": "When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself.",
        "zh": "比如，储户首次在银行开户时，嘱咐银行他的存款只能凭本世人签字的支票来提取。"
      },
      {
        "en": "He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque on which its customer's signature has been forged.",
        "zh": "他把自己签名的样本交给银行，对此有一条非常严格的规定：银行没有任何权利或理由把储户的钱让伪造储户的支票取走。"
      },
      {
        "en": "It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skillful one: the bank must recognize its customer's signature.",
        "zh": "即使伪造得很巧妙，也不能付款，因为银行有责任辨认出其储户的签名。"
      },
      {
        "en": "For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.",
        "zh": "因此，某些银行已采用把储户印在支票上的作法。这种做法对储户毫无风险。"
      },
      {
        "en": "If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.",
        "zh": "如果因这种作法出现了伪造的话，受损失的将不是储户，而是银行。"
      }
    ]
  },
  "subtitles": [
    {
      "timestamp": null,
      "en": "[ti:Banks and Their Customers]",
      "zh": "银行和顾客"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": null,
      "en": "Lesson 12",
      "zh": "第十二课"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:02.26",
      "en": "Banks and their customers",
      "zh": "银行和顾客"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:07.92",
      "en": "Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer's name on his cheques?",
      "zh": "为什么当银行在客户的支票上印上客户的姓名时，对客户来说就不会存在风险呢？"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:15.50",
      "en": "When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money,",
      "zh": "任何人在银行开一个活期账户，就等于把钱借给了银行。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:20.69",
      "en": "repayment of which he may demand at any time either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.",
      "zh": "这笔钱他可以随时提取，提取的方式可以是取现金，也可以是开一张以他人为收款人的支票。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:29.28",
      "en": "Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor--",
      "zh": "银行与储户的关系主要是债务人和债权人的关系。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:35.26",
      "en": "who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.",
      "zh": "究竟谁是债务人谁是债权人，要看储户是有结余还是透支。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:40.53",
      "en": "But, in addition to that basically simple concept,",
      "zh": "除了这一基本的简单的概念外，"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:43.76",
      "en": "the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.",
      "zh": "银行和储户彼此还需承担大量义务。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:49.72",
      "en": "Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods,",
      "zh": "其中许多义务往往引起问题和纠纷。但是储户不能像货物的"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "00:58.87",
      "en": "cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.",
      "zh": "买主那样来抱怨法律对自己不利。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:02.59",
      "en": "The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.",
      "zh": "银行必须遵照储户的嘱托办事，不能听从其他人的指令。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:07.79",
      "en": "When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself.",
      "zh": "比如，储户首次在银行开户时，嘱咐银行他的存款只能凭本世人签字的支票来提取。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:17.88",
      "en": "He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule",
      "zh": "他把自己签名的样本交给银行，对此有一条非常严格的规定："
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:22.82",
      "en": "that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque on which its customer's signature has been forged.",
      "zh": "银行没有任何权利或理由把储户的钱让伪造储户的支票取走。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:31.90",
      "en": "It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skillful one:",
      "zh": "即使伪造得很巧妙，也不能付款，"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:36.48",
      "en": "the bank must recognize its customer's signature.",
      "zh": "因为银行有责任辨认出其储户的签名。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:40.24",
      "en": "For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.",
      "zh": "因此，某些银行已采用把储户印在支票上的作法。这种做法对储户毫无风险。"
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "01:49.00",
      "en": "If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.",
      "zh": "如果因这种作法出现了伪造的话，受损失的将不是储户，而是银行。"
    }
  ],
  "book": 4,
  "lesson": 12
}