# 第四册 Lesson 47 The great escape 大逃亡

## 一、课文原文

Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his 20 pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.

That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveller who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides — and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon — an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maitre d'hotel.

From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.

To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.

From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement) are there, outside — or, as likely, part of — the tent.

Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting 'our camping friends' to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.

Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.

— NIGEL BUXTON, *The Great Escape* from The Weekend Telegraph

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| outlay | /ˈaʊtleɪ/ | n. | 支出，花费 | initial outlay 初始支出 |
| manoeuvre | /məˈnuːvə/ | v. | 操纵，移动 | manoeuvres carelessly 不小心驶入 |
| myriad | /ˈmɪriəd/ | adj. | 无数的 | Europe's myriad permanent sites 欧洲无数的永久营地 |
| sophisticated | /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ | adj. | 精密的，复杂的 | more sophisticated 更精密 |
| paradox | /ˈpærədɒks/ | n. | 悖论，矛盾 | an entertaining paradox 有趣的矛盾 |
| shun | /ʃʌn/ | v. | 回避，避开 | shuns their material comforts 回避物质享受 |
| affluent | /ˈæfluənt/ | adj. | 富裕的 | affluent he may be 他可能很富裕 |
| snobbery | /ˈsnɒbəri/ | n. | 势利 | snobbery of camping 露营中的势利 |
| inclement | /ɪnˈklemənt/ | adj. | 恶劣的（天气） | inclement weather 恶劣天气 |
| insularity | /ˌɪnsjuˈlærəti/ | n. | 岛国性，封闭性 | insularity and self-containment 封闭与自足 |
| cosmopolitan | /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/ | adj. | 世界性的 | highly cosmopolitan 高度国际化 |
| preponderance | /prɪˈpɒndərəns/ | n. | 优势，多数 | a preponderance of Germans 德国人占多数 |
| sauerkraut | /ˈsaʊəkraʊt/ | n. | 泡菜（德国） | 德国酸白菜 |
| itinerant | /ɪˈtɪnərənt/ | n. | 流浪者 | itinerants who cannot be traced 无法追踪的流浪者 |
| alienate | /ˈeɪliəneɪt/ | v. | 疏远 | wholly alienate 完全疏远 |

**固定搭配：**
- **contrary to**：与……相反
- **hub to hub with**：与……紧挨着
- **get away from it all**：逃离一切
- **say boo to**：对……说不（表示敢于反对）
- **to hand**：在手边

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. Not only...but also... 倒装

> **Not only are** the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command, **but** the means of escape from holiday hell are there

Not only 置于句首，主谓倒装。

### 2. That 引导的主语从句

> **That** the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated **is** an entertaining paradox

that 引导主语从句，谓语为 is。

### 3. 倒装句

> **Affluent he may be**, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman

表语 affluent 前置，构成倒装，强调让步。

### 4. whether...or... 让步从句

> **Whether** the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind **is** hard to say

whether 引导主语从句。

## 四、重点句型分析

### 句型1：反驳假设

> **contrary to a popular assumption**, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest

- 先提出普遍假设（露营只是为了省钱）
- 再反驳（省钱不是唯一甚至不是最重要的原因）

### 句型2：幽默讽刺

> The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his 20 pounds' worth of space...may find himself **bumping a Bentley**

- 20英镑的露营地 vs 宾利轿车
- 幽默地说明露营地的拥挤

### 句型3：排比对比

> Notices...are printed **not only in French or Italian or Spanish**, **but also in English, German and Dutch**

- 六种语言的告示
- 说明营地的国际化

## 五、课文翻译

经济是露营的一个强大动机，因为在设备的初始支出后，或通过租用设备，总费用可以远低于旅馆费用。但与普遍假设相反，经济远不是唯一的动机，甚至不是最重要的动机。在欧洲无数的永久营地中，不小心驶入自己20英镑空间的人可能会发现自己撞上了一辆宾利。更可能的是，福特与雷诺或奔驰轮对轮地紧挨着，但很少与双人自行车为邻。

现代露营设备一年比一年精密，对愤世嫉俗者来说是一个有趣的矛盾，对发誓要逃离一切的有希望的旅行者来说则是一个更光明的前景。它还提供了——某位社会学研究生也许会以此为论文课题——另一种逃避。现代旅行者常常是一个不喜欢 Splendide 和 Bellavista 这样的大饭店的人，不是因为他住不起，或回避它们的物质享受，而是因为他害怕它们。他可能很富裕，但他完全不确定该给门房或女服务员多少小费。在自己家里是主人，但他几乎不知道什么时候该对餐厅领班说"不"。

露营让他从所有这些恐惧中解脱出来。诚然，基于设备和技术的露营势利已经存在；但这种势利是他能够理解并应对的。没有以管理层和旅馆等级制度形式出现的上级"他们"来使他的假日暗淡。

除了这些动机，还必须加上另一个。当代的汽车崇拜现象，至少部分地可以用拥有汽车所带来的独立和自由感来解释。露营给了这种乐趣一种精致的升华。

从自己家门口到国内外的山丘或沙滩再返回，一切都在手边。不仅到达度假天堂的手段完全由自己掌控，而且逃离度假地狱（如果海滩太拥挤，当地天气太恶劣）的手段就在帐篷外面——或者很可能就是帐篷的一部分。

理想主义者反对露营的做法，就像反对包价旅游一样，认为旅行者因此丧失了了解所访国家人民的机会。封闭与自足，他们认为，是并存的。但这种看法经不起在受欢迎的欧洲大陆露营地的亲身体验。假日旅馆往往专门接待某一国的游客，有时甚至只接待一国。而露营地则高度国际化。诚然，德国人占多数似乎是大多数地中海沿岸营地的共同特征；但到目前为止还没有哪国占绝对优势。禁止露天晒衣服、禁止用水龙头冲洗汽车的告示，以及邀请"露营朋友"参加舞会或乘船游览的通告，不仅用法语、意大利语或西班牙语印刷，也用英语、德语和荷兰语印刷。用餐时，德国泡菜的味道与大蒜的味道相争。法国人的早餐咖啡与英国人的培根鸡蛋竞争。

有组织露营的显著增长是否意味着更独立的那种露营最终会消亡，很难说。市政当局自然想确保露营者的场地费和其他消费。警察对无法追踪到认可的营地边界或四面墙壁的流浪者保持警惕。但很可能一切都取决于露营者自己：他们引起多少荒原火灾；留下多少垃圾；简而言之，他们是否完全疏远了土地所有者和乡村居民。只有良好的童子军精神才可能保住永恒的童子军心中如此珍贵的自由。

## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 写作手法：幽默讽刺

- "bumping a Bentley"——20英镑空间 vs 宾利
- "what to tip the doorman"——讽刺富人的社交恐惧
- "say boo to a maitre d'hotel"——幽默

### 2. 逻辑结构

| 段落 | 主题 | 论证方式 |
|------|------|----------|
| 第一段 | 经济不是唯一动机 | 反驳假设+幽默 |
| 第二段 | 社交恐惧 | 心理分析 |
| 第三段 | 露营的解脱 | 对比 |
| 第四段 | 汽车的自由 | 补充论证 |
| 第五段 | 露营的便利 | 具体描述 |
| 第六段 | 营地的国际化 | 反驳理想主义者 |
| 第七段 | 露营的未来 | 开放性结论 |

### 3. 文化背景

- "Splendide"和"Bellavista"：欧洲常见的高级酒店名
- "Boy Scout"：童子军，强调户外精神和自律
- 德国人是欧洲露营的主力军

### 4. 修辞分析

- "holiday paradise" vs "holiday hell"——对比
- "odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic"——幽默的感官描写
- "eternal Boy Scout"——隐喻，指永远的露营者

## 七、课后练习要点

1. **词汇练习**：掌握 outlay、manoeuvre、paradox、affluent、cosmopolitan 等核心词
2. **语法练习**：Not only 倒装；That 主语从句；whether 主语从句
3. **翻译练习**：注意幽默讽刺的翻译；倒装句的处理
4. **写作练习**：模仿幽默讽刺的议论文风格，讨论一种现代生活方式

## 八、本课小结

本课探讨露营的深层动机。核心观点：**露营不仅是为了省钱，更是为了逃离旅馆的社交恐惧、享受汽车的自由、体验国际化的环境**。作者以幽默讽刺的笔调，从经济动机入手，逐步揭示露营的心理和社会动机，最后指出露营的未来取决于露营者自身的素质。语法重点为 Not only 倒装和 That/whether 主语从句。