# Lesson 93 A noble gift 崇高的礼物

## 一、课文原文

One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi. Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **noble** | /ˈnəʊbl/ | adj. | 高尚的，壮丽的 | a noble deed 高尚的行为；noble character 崇高的品格 |
| **monument** | /ˈmɒnjumənt/ | n. | 纪念碑 | the Monument to the People's Heroes 人民英雄纪念碑 |
| **statue** | /ˈstætʃuː/ | n. | 雕像 | the Statue of Liberty 自由女神像；注意与stature区分 |
| **liberty** | /ˈlɪbəti/ | n. | 自由 | at liberty 自由的；liberty vs. freedom 两者常互换 |
| **present** | /prɪˈzent/ | v. | 赠送 | present sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人 |
| **sculptor** | /ˈskʌlptə/ | n. | 雕刻家 | sculpture n. 雕塑；sculpt v. 雕刻 |
| **actual** | /ˈæktʃuəl/ | adj. | 实际的，真实的 | in actual fact 实际上；actual size 实际尺寸 |
| **copper** | /ˈkɒpə/ | n. | 铜 | copper wire 铜线；copper coin 铜币 |
| **support** | /səˈpɔːt/ | v. | 支持，支撑 | support a family 养家；support the plan 支持计划 |
| **framework** | /ˈfreɪmwɜːk/ | n. | 构架，框架 | a metal framework 金属框架；legal framework 法律框架 |
| **transport** | /trænˈspɔːt/ | v. | 运送 | transport goods 运输货物；transportation n. 交通 |
| **site** | /saɪt/ | n. | 场地，位置 | a construction site 建筑工地；website 网站 |
| **pedestal** | /ˈpedɪstəl/ | n. | 底座，基座 | place sb. on a pedestal 把某人当偶像崇拜 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. present 的多重用法**
- v. /prɪˈzent/ 赠送：present sth. to sb. / present sb. with sth.
- v. /prɪˈzent/ 呈现，展示：present a report 呈交报告
- n. /ˈpreznt/ 礼物：a birthday present 生日礼物
- n. /ˈpreznt/ 现在：at present 目前
- adj. /ˈpreznt/ 出席的：be present at the meeting 出席会议

**2. liberty vs. freedom**
- liberty：侧重政治和法律上的自由（本课用此词）
- freedom：侧重一般意义的自由，使用范围更广

**3. transport 的词族**
- transport v. 运输 → transportation n. 交通，运输 → transporter n. 运输者
- 注意作动词和名词时重音不同：v. /trænˈspɔːt/ n. /ˈtrænspɔːt/

**4. site 相关词汇辨析**
- site：建筑用地、场地（建筑用语）
- sight：景象、视力（视觉相关）
- cite：引用（学术用语）
- 三词同音 /saɪt/

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 被动语态复习（本课核心）

本课大量使用被动语态，是被动语态的综合复习课。

**被动语态的基本结构**：be + 过去分词

| 时态 | 结构 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done | the Statue of Liberty **was presented** to the USA |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done | it **was taken** to pieces |
| 过去完成时 | had been + done | a statue **had been erected** in Paris |
| 过去完成时 | had been + done | the statue **had been put** together again |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been + done | the great monument **has been** a symbol |

**被动语态的各种时态一览**：

| 时态 | 主动 | 被动 |
|------|------|------|
| 一般现在时 | make(s) | is/are made |
| 一般过去时 | made | was/were made |
| 一般将来时 | will make | will be made |
| 现在完成时 | have/has made | have/has been made |
| 过去完成时 | had made | had been made |
| 现在进行时 | is/are making | is/are being made |
| 过去进行时 | was/were making | was/were being made |
| 含情态动词 | can/must make | can/must be made |

### 2. 过去完成时的被动语态

> a statue which was 151 feet tall **had been erected** in Paris.
> the statue **had been put** together again

结构：had been + 过去分词，表示"在过去某一时间之前已经被完成"。

**与一般过去时被动语态的对比**：

| 时态 | 例句 | 时间关系 |
|------|------|----------|
| 一般过去时被动 | It **was presented** to the USA. | 过去发生的动作 |
| 过去完成时被动 | It **had been erected** before 1884. | 过去某时之前已完成 |

### 3. 非限定性定语从句

> The great statue, **which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi**, took ten years to complete.

非限定性定语从句用逗号隔开，对先行词作补充说明，不可省略。

| 类型 | 标点 | 作用 | 能否省略 |
|------|------|------|----------|
| 限定性定语从句 | 无逗号 | 限定先行词 | 不可省略（影响句意） |
| 非限定性定语从句 | 有逗号 | 补充说明 | 可省略（不影响句意） |

### 4. 过去分词作定语

> The **site chosen** was an island...

the site chosen = the site which was chosen，过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成。

> copper **supported by** a metal framework

supported by... 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰copper。

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. present sth. to sb.

> the Statue of Liberty **was presented to** the United States of America **by** the people of France.

被动语态中的双宾语结构：
- 主动：France presented the statue to the USA.
- 被动1：The statue was presented to the USA by France.（间接宾语作保留宾语）
- 被动2：The USA was presented with the statue by France.（直接宾语作保留宾语）

### 2. take... to pieces / put... together

> it **was taken to pieces** and sent to America.
> the statue **had been put together** again

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| take... to pieces | 把……拆开 | He took the clock to pieces. |
| put... together | 把……组装起来 | She put the puzzle together. |
| take apart | 拆开 | Take the machine apart first. |
| assemble | 组装 | Assemble the parts carefully. |

### 3. Ever since then...

> **Ever since then**, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty...

ever since 意为"从那以后一直"，常与现在完成时连用。

| 表达 | 含义 | 常搭配时态 |
|------|------|-----------|
| ever since then | 从那以后一直 | 现在完成时 |
| ever since + 时间点 | 自从……一直 | 现在完成时 |
| since then | 从那以后 | 现在完成时 |

### 4. make one's home

> the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour **to make their homes** in America

make one's home = settle down 安家落户

- make one's home in... 在……安家
- to make their homes 不定式表目的

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## 五、课文翻译

世界上最著名的纪念碑之一的自由女神雕像，是在19世纪时由法国人民赠送给美国的。这座由雕刻家奥古斯特·巴索尔地设计的巨大雕像是用10年时间雕刻成的。这座雕像的主体是用铜制成的，由艾菲尔特制的金属框架支撑着。在雕像被运往美国之前，必须为它选好一块场地，同时必须建造一个基座。场地选在了纽约港入口处的一个岛上。到1884年，一座高度达151英尺的雕像在巴黎竖立起来了。第二年，它被拆成若干小块，运到美国。到1886年10月底，这座雕像被重新组装起来，由巴索尔地正式赠送给美国人民。从那时起，这座伟大的纪念碑对通过纽约港进入美国定居的千百万人来说就一直是自由的象征。

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## 六、语言点精讲

**1. One of the most famous monuments**

one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词，"最……的……之一"。这是非常常见的句式：
- one of the most important events 最重要的事件之一
- one of the best students 最好的学生之一

**2. was presented to... by...**

被动语态中的by短语表示动作的执行者。present sth. to sb. 的被动形式为sth. is presented to sb. by sb.

**3. took ten years to complete**

It takes + 时间 + to do sth. 表示"做某事花费多长时间"。
- It took ten years to complete the statue. 完成这座雕像花了10年。

**4. had to be found / had to be built**

had to + 被动语态，表示"不得不被做"。must的过去式用had to。

**5. The site chosen**

过去分词chosen作后置定语，相当于the site which was chosen。单个过去分词作定语通常后置。

**6. By 1884 / By the end of October 1886**

by 意为"到……为止"，常与完成时连用。by + 过去时间 → 过去完成时。

**7. has been a symbol**

现在完成时，表示从过去一直持续到现在。ever since then 强调了这一持续状态。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 词汇练习
- 用noble, monument, present, transport, support造句
- 掌握present作动词/名词/形容词的不同读音和用法

### 2. 语法练习
- 将主动句改为被动句（各种时态）
- 过去完成时被动语态填空
- 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句辨析

### 3. 句型练习
- 用one of the most...造句
- 用It takes... to do...造句
- 过去分词作定语改写定语从句

### 4. 写作练习
- 写一篇短文介绍一座著名建筑或纪念碑（100词左右），注意使用被动语态

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 被动语态复习（一般过去时、过去完成时、现在完成时被动） |
| **重点词汇** | 13个（noble, monument, statue, liberty, present, sculptor, actual, copper, support, framework, transport, site, pedestal） |
| **重点短语** | present to, take to pieces, put together, ever since, make one's home |
| **学习难点** | 过去完成时被动语态、by + 过去时间的用法、过去分词作定语 |
| **文化知识** | 自由女神像的历史——法国赠送给美国，象征自由 |

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*本课通过自由女神像的故事，系统复习了被动语态在各种时态中的用法，特别是过去完成时的被动语态。*