# Lesson 90 What's for supper? 晚餐吃什么？

## 一、课文原文

Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who?

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **chip** | /tʃɪp/ | n. | 油煎土豆片 | 复数chips；fish and chips 炸鱼薯条（英式名菜） |
| **overfish** | /ˌəʊvəˈfɪʃ/ | v. | 过度捕捞 | over-前缀表示"过度"；overwork过度工作 |
| **giant** | /ˈdʒaɪənt/ | adj. | 巨大的 | 也可作名词"巨人"；a giant company 巨型公司 |
| **terrify** | /ˈterɪfaɪ/ | v. | 吓，使恐怖 | terrify sb. 使某人恐惧；被动：be terrified 被吓坏 |
| **diver** | /ˈdaɪvə/ | n. | 潜水员 | 动词dive潜水；dive的过去式可作dived或dove |
| **oil rig** | /ˈɔɪl rɪɡ/ | n. | 石油钻塔 | rig指钻井设备；oil rig platform 钻井平台 |
| **wit** | /wɪt/ | n. | 理智，头脑 | 常用复数wits；out of one's wits 吓得不知所措 |
| **cage** | /keɪdʒ/ | n. | 笼 | a bird cage 鸟笼；caged animal 笼中动物 |
| **shark** | /ʃɑːk/ | n. | 鲨鱼 | a shark attack 鲨鱼袭击 |
| **whale** | /weɪl/ | n. | 鲸 | killer whale 逆戟鲸；blue whale 蓝鲸 |
| **variety** | /vəˈraɪəti/ | n. | 品种 | a variety of 各种各样的；various adj. 各种各样的 |
| **cod** | /kɒd/ | n. | 鳕鱼 | 常见的食用鱼 |
| **skate** | /skeɪt/ | n. | 鳐鱼 | 扁平的海洋鱼类 |
| **factor** | /ˈfæktə/ | n. | 因素 | a key factor 关键因素 |
| **crew** | /kruː/ | n. | 全体工作人员 | 集合名词，作主语时谓语可用单数或复数 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. terrify 的词族**
- terrify v. 使恐惧 → terrifying adj. 令人恐惧的 → terrified adj. 感到恐惧的 → terror n. 恐怖 → terrorism n. 恐怖主义

**2. over- 前缀构词**
- overfish 过度捕捞 / overwork 过度工作 / overeat 暴饮暴食 / oversleep 睡过头 / overcrowded 过度拥挤的

**3. wit 的常用搭配**
- out of one's wits 吓得魂不附体
- have the wit to do sth. 有做某事的才智
- at one's wit's end 智穷计尽，束手无策

**4. variety 相关表达**
- a variety of = various kinds of 各种各样的
- varieties of 多种多样的
- vary v. 变化 / variation n. 变化 / various adj. 各种各样的

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. have 的用法复习

本课核心语法：**have 作为使役动词和实义动词的多种用法**

| 用法 | 结构 | 例句 | 说明 |
|------|------|------|------|
| have + 宾语 + 过去分词 | 使某事被做 | They have had special cages made. | 让别人做，非自己做 |
| have + 宾语 + 动词原形 | 使某人做某事 | Have him come early. | 让某人做某事 |
| have + 宾语 + 形容词/副词/介词短语 | 使某人/某物处于某状态 | Have the room clean. | 保持某状态 |
| have to | 必须，不得不 | Oil rigs have to be repaired. | 客观需要 |
| have been + 过去分词 | 现在完成时被动 | Fish has become more and more expensive. | 被动完成 |

**have sth. done 详解**：

> Now they **have had** special cages **made** to protect them from these monsters.

这是 have 的使役用法，结构为：have + 宾语 + 过去分词（作宾补），表示"让某事被别人做"。

| 例句 | 含义 |
|------|------|
| I had my hair cut. | 我让人理了发。（不是自己理的） |
| She had her car repaired. | 她让人修了车。 |
| We had the house painted. | 我们让人粉刷了房子。 |

### 2. there be 句型（本课相关）

there be 表示"存在"，区别于 have 表示"拥有"：

| 句型 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| there be | 某处存在某物 | There are three factors. |
| have | 某人拥有某物 | They have special cages. |

**注意**：there be 遵循就近原则：
- There **is** a pen and two books on the desk.
- There **are** two books and a pen on the desk.

### 3. 现在完成时的被动语态

> the oceans **have been overfished**
> divers **have been frightened** out of their wits

结构：have/has + been + 过去分词

### 4. as 引导的原因状语从句

> **as** the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive.

as 表示"因为，由于"，语气比because弱，常用于已知原因。

| 连词 | 语气 | 用法 |
|------|------|------|
| because | 最强 | 回答why的提问，强调原因 |
| since | 较强 | 表示已知原因，"既然" |
| as | 较弱 | 附加说明原因，"由于" |
| for | 最弱 | 补充说明原因，不用于句首 |

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. It comes as a surprise to learn that...

> So **it comes as a surprise to learn that** giant fish are terrifying the divers.

结构：It comes as a surprise to do sth. 做某事令人吃惊

- It 为形式主语，to learn that... 为真正主语
- come as a surprise 意为"令人吃惊"
- 类似表达：It comes as a shock / It comes as a relief

### 2. be frightened out of one's wits

> divers **have been frightened out of their wits** by giant fish

固定搭配：frighten sb. out of his/her wits 吓得某人魂不附体

| 类似表达 | 含义 |
|----------|------|
| scare sb. out of his wits | 吓得某人魂飞魄散 |
| frighten sb. to death | 把某人吓得要死 |
| be scared stiff | 吓呆了 |

### 3. as much as + 数量

> sometimes **as much as** twelve feet in length

as much as 表示多达，强调数量之大。

- as many as 多达（可数）
- as much as 多达（不可数/量度）
- as long as 长达

### 4. as a result 结果

> **As a result**, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow.

| 表结果的过渡词 | 用法 |
|---------------|------|
| as a result | 结果（可放句首或句中） |
| therefore | 因此（较正式） |
| consequently | 因而（正式） |
| so | 所以（口语化） |

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## 五、课文翻译

油煎鱼加炸土豆片一直是英国人喜爱的一道菜，但是随着海洋里的过度捕捞，鱼已经变得越来越昂贵。因此，听说北海石油钻井平台上的潜水员受到巨型鱼类的恐吓，确实很让人吃惊。钻井平台需要经常修理，潜水员常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他们在工作时曾被撞到他们身上的大鱼吓得惊慌失措。现在他们有了特制的笼子，用来保护他们免受大鱼的侵袭。这些鱼并不是鲨鱼或逆戟鲸，而是深受人们喜爱的食用鱼品种，如鳕鱼和鳐鱼，只不过它们长得出奇地大，有时长达12英尺。这些鱼能长得这么大是由3个因素造成的：海底热的输油管道附近的温暖海水；钻井平台工作人员抛到海里充足的食物；钻井平台周围根本没有捕鱼船只。结果是，这些鱼就在可爱的温暖的水流中吃呀吃，长呀长。究竟谁吃谁呢？

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## 六、语言点精讲

**1. Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish**

fish and chips 被视为一道菜（一盘），故谓语用单数has。这是英式快餐的代表性食品。

**2. giant fish are terrifying the divers**

此处的fish是复数概念（各类大鱼），故用are。fish单复数同形，但 fishes 可表示"多种鱼"。

**3. who often have to work in darkness**

非限定性定语从句，对divers进行补充说明，不可省略。

**4. bumping into them as they work**

现在分词短语作定语，修饰giant fish，表示"撞击他们的"鱼。as they work 是时间状语从句。

**5. favourite eating varieties**

eating varieties 指"食用的品种"，eating 是现在分词作定语。

**6. grow to unnatural sizes**

unnatural 意为"不自然的，反常的"，表示这些鱼大得异乎寻常。

**7. Who eats who?**

反问句，以幽默的口吻结尾——本来是人类的食物，现在反过来鱼可能吃人了。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 词汇练习
- 用terrify, wit, variety, factor, crew造句
- 掌握over-前缀构词法，写出5个over-开头的词

### 2. 语法练习
- have sth. done 句型转换：将主动句改为have sth. done结构
- there be 与 have 的选择填空

### 3. 句型练习
- 用It comes as a surprise to...造句
- 用as a result连接句子

### 4. 写作练习
- 写一篇短文描述一种自然界的有趣现象（80-100词），注意使用have sth. done和as a result

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | have的用法（使役have sth. done / have to）、there be句型 |
| **重点词汇** | 15个（chip, overfish, giant, terrify, diver, oil rig, wit, cage, shark, whale, variety, cod, skate, factor, crew） |
| **重点短语** | fish and chips, frighten out of one's wits, as much as, as a result, protect from |
| **学习难点** | have sth. done结构、fish单复数用法、over-前缀构词 |
| **写作技巧** | 幽默反问结尾、原因分析（三个因素）的结构 |

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*本课通过北海石油钻井平台巨型鱼的故事，复习了have的多种用法，同时介绍了there be句型与have的区别。*