# Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里

## 一、课文原文

Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.

---

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **trap** | /træp/ | v./n. | 困住；陷阱 | be trapped 被困住；set a trap 设陷阱 |
| **surface** | /ˈsɜːfɪs/ | n. | 表面，地面 | on the surface 在表面上 |
| **explosive** | /ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/ | n./adj. | 炸药；爆炸性的 | explode v. 爆炸；explosion n. 爆炸 |
| **vibration** | /vaɪˈbreɪʃn/ | n. | 震动 | vibrate v. 震动 |
| **collapse** | /kəˈlæps/ | v./n. | 坍塌 | cause the roof to collapse 导致屋顶坍塌 |
| **drill** | /drɪl/ | v. | 钻孔 | drill a hole 钻一个洞 |
| **capsule** | /ˈkæpsjuːl/ | n. | 胶囊，密封舱 | a special capsule 特制密封舱 |
| **beneath** | /bɪˈniːθ/ | prep. | 在…下方 | 较正式；below 更常用 |
| **enable** | /ɪˈneɪbl/ | v. | 使能够 | enable sb. to do 使某人能做 |
| **cheerful** | /ˈtʃɪəfl/ | adj. | 高兴的，乐观的 | cheer v./n. 欢呼；cheerfully adv. |
| **progress** | /prəˈɡres/ | v. | 进展 | progress n. 进步（重音不同） |

### 词汇拓展

**1. trap 的用法**
- v. 困住：be trapped in 被困在…中（本课用法）
- n. 陷阱：set a trap 设陷阱
- n. 圈套：fall into a trap 落入圈套

**2. beneath, below, under 的区别**

| 介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| under | 正下方（最常用） | under the table |
| below | 低于（不一定正下方） | below sea level |
| beneath | 正下方（较正式/文学化） | beneath the surface |

**3. enable 的搭配**
- enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
- The money enabled him to buy a house. 这笔钱使他能够买房。
- 反义词：disable 使丧失能力

---

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. if 条件句复习

本课集中展示三种条件句：

| 类型 | 条件从句 | 主句 | 含义 | 课文例句 |
|------|---------|------|------|----------|
| 第一条件句 | 一般现在时 | will + 动词 | 真实可能 | If explosives are used, vibrations **will cause**... |
| 第二条件句 | 一般过去时 | would + 动词 | 假设现在 | If they **knew** how difficult it was, they **would lose** heart. |
| 第三条件句 | 过去完成时 | would have + done | 假设过去 | If there **had not been** a hard layer, they **would have completed**... |

**条件句总结**：

| 类型 | 条件 | 主句 | 用法 |
|------|------|------|------|
| Type 0 | 一般现在 | 一般现在 | 真理 |
| Type 1 | 一般现在 | will + do | 可能实现 |
| Type 2 | 一般过去 | would + do | 不太可能 |
| Type 3 | 过去完成 | would have done | 不可能（过去） |

### 2. as it is

> **As it is**, they have been drilling for sixteen hours...

**含义**：实际上，事实上

- As it is, we can't afford it. 事实上，我们买不起。
- As it was, he didn't come. 事实上他没来。

### 3. Though 引导让步状语从句

> **Though** they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful.

**though vs although**：
- 两者可互换，though 更口语化
- 不能与 but 同时使用

---

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. run out of

> They are **running out of** food and drink.

**含义**：用完，耗尽

**run out of vs run out**：
| 短语 | 主语 | 含义 |
|------|------|------|
| run out of | 人 | 某人用完了… |
| run out | 物 | 某物用完了 |

- We are running out of time. 我们时间不够了。
- Time is running out. 时间快用完了。

### 2. keep in touch with

> ...has enabled the men to **keep in touch with** their closest relatives.

**含义**：与…保持联系

相关表达：
- get in touch with 与…取得联系
- lose touch with 与…失去联系

### 3. lose heart

> If they knew..., they would **lose heart**.

**含义**：丧失信心，灰心

同义表达：give up, become discouraged

---

## 五、课文翻译

6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。如果不把他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。实际情况是，他们已连续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了，但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。

---

## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 矿难救援的真实背景

课文内容取材于真实的矿难救援事件。在矿井事故中，通常不能使用炸药（会引发坍塌），而必须用钻孔方式缓慢推进。井下通信（如放下麦克风）是常见的救援手段。

### 2. 善意的谎言

> They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.

营救人员告诉被困者"进展顺利"，而实际上非常困难——这是善意的谎言，目的是让他们保持信心。课文最后一句揭示：如果他们知道真相，就会丧失信心。

### 3. capsule 的双重含义
- 医学：胶囊（a capsule of medicine）
- 航天/工程：密封舱（a rescue capsule 救援舱）

---

## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- 三种if条件句的互相转换
- 虚拟语气的综合填空

### 2. 词汇运用
- 用 trap, enable, collapse 造句
- run out of 与 run out 的区别

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述一个紧急救援场景（使用条件句和虚拟语气）

---

## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | if条件句复习（Type 1/2/3）、虚拟语气、让步状语从句 |
| **重点词汇** | 11个（trap, surface, explosive, vibration, collapse, drill, capsule, beneath, enable, cheerful, progress） |
| **重点短语** | run out of, keep in touch with, lose heart, as it is |
| **学习难点** | 三种条件句的区别与运用、as it is 的含义 |

---

*本课以矿井救援为题材复习条件句，重点掌握三种if条件句的区别和虚拟语气。*