# Lesson 86 Out of control 失控

## 一、课文原文

As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea. The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.

---

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **swing** | /swɪŋ/ | v. | 使转弯，摇摆 | 过去式 swung；swing round 转弯 |
| **speedboat** | /ˈspiːdbəʊt/ | n. | 快艇 | speed + boat 复合词 |
| **desperately** | /ˈdespərətli/ | adv. | 绝望地，拼命地 | desperate adj. 绝望的；desperation n. 绝望 |
| **companion** | /kəmˈpænjən/ | n. | 同伴 | company n. 陪伴；accompany v. 陪伴 |
| **water ski** | /ˈwɔːtə skiː/ | v. | 滑水 | water skiing 滑水运动 |
| **buoy** | /bɔɪ/ | n. | 浮标 | 发音注意：不读"bu-y"而是/bɔɪ/ |
| **dismay** | /dɪsˈmeɪ/ | n. | 沮丧，惊愕 | to one's dismay 令人沮丧的是 |
| **tremendous** | /trɪˈmendəs/ | adj. | 巨大的，惊人的 | a tremendous speed 惊人的速度 |
| **drift** | /drɪft/ | v. | 漂流 | drift away 漂走；drift apart 渐渐疏远 |
| **petrol** | /ˈpetrəl/ | n. | 汽油 | 英式英语；美式为 gasoline/gas |

### 词汇拓展

**1. desperately 的同义词**
- desperately 绝望地，拼命地
- frantically 疯狂地
- urgently 紧急地
- He waved desperately. 他绝望地挥手。

**2. drift 的引申用法**
- 具体义：漂流（The boat drifted. 船漂流了。）
- 抽象义：渐渐变化（drift apart 渐渐疏远；drift into bad habits 渐渐养成坏习惯）

**3. use up**
- use up 用完，耗尽
- The petrol had been used up. 汽油用完了。
- 同义表达：run out of, exhaust

---

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 过去完成时复习

本课大量使用过去完成时：

| 例句 | 用法 |
|------|------|
| The speedboat **had struck** a buoy. | 过去之前已发生 |
| They **had just begun** to swim... | 过来之前刚开始 |
| The petrol **had** nearly all **been used up**. | 过去之前已完成（被动） |
| The boat **had slowed down** considerably. | 过去之前已变慢 |

**过去完成时的标志词**：already, just, by the time, before, after

### 2. hardly...when...

> Both men **had hardly had** time to realize what was happening **when** they were thrown into the sea.

**结构**：hardly + 过去完成时 + when + 一般过去时

**含义**：刚一…就…

| 结构 | 含义 |
|------|------|
| hardly...when... | 刚…就… |
| scarcely...when... | 刚…就… |
| no sooner...than... | 一…就… |

**注意**：hardly 后面的动词用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时。

**倒装形式**：
- Hardly had they realized what was happening when they were thrown into the sea.

### 3. as 引导时间状语从句

> **As** the man tried to swing the speedboat round...

**as 的多种用法**：
| 用法 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| 时间状语 | 当…时 | As he walked in, I stood up. |
| 原因状语 | 因为 | As he was tired, he went to bed. |
| 方式状语 | 按照 | Do as I say. |
| 比较状语 | 像…一样 | as quickly as they could |

---

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. come away

> The steering wheel **came away** in his hands.

**含义**：脱落，脱手

类似表达：come off, break off

### 2. at tremendous speed

> It came straight towards them **at tremendous speed**.

**含义**：以惊人的速度

类似结构：
- at high speed 高速
- at full speed 全速
- at low speed 低速

### 3. slow down

> It **had slowed down** considerably.

**含义**：减速

反义：speed up 加速

---

## 五、课文翻译

当那人试图让快艇转弯时，方向盘脱手了。他绝望地向他的伙伴挥手，他的伙伴在过去的15分钟里一直在滑水。他们两个还没来得及意识到究竟发生了什么事情，就被猛地抛入了海里。快艇撞上了一个浮标，但它仍在水面上快速行驶着。两个人刚开始向岸边游去，就突然惊愕地发现快艇正在转着圈行驶，它现在正以惊人的速度直冲他们驶来。不到1分钟的工夫，它从离他们只有几英尺远的地方呼啸着驶了过去。快艇过去之后，他们以最快的速度向前游去，因为他们知道快艇马上就要转回来。他们刚刚来得及游出危险区，快艇就又转完了一圈。然而这一次它的速度慢多了。汽油几乎已经用光。没过多久，噪音便彻底消失，快艇开始在水面上慢悠悠地漂流。

---

## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 课文的紧张节奏

课文叙事节奏极快，用一系列紧凑的动作描写制造紧张感：方向盘脱落→抛入海中→快艇转圈→直冲而来→呼啸而过→再次转回→汽油用完→漂流。整个过程如电影般惊心动魄。

### 2. water skiing 滑水运动

滑水（water skiing）是西方流行的水上运动，人穿着滑水板由快艇拖行在水面上滑行。本课中快艇失控后，滑水者自然处于极度危险中。

### 3. petrol 与 gasoline
- petrol：英式英语"汽油"
- gasoline/gas：美式英语"汽油"
- 注意：gas 在美语中也可以指"天然气"或"煤气"

---

## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- 过去完成时的综合填空
- hardly...when... 与 no sooner...than... 的互换

### 2. 词汇运用
- 用 desperately, tremendous, drift 造句
- at + speed 的搭配练习

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述一次失控的经历（使用过去完成时和hardly...when...）

---

## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 过去完成时复习、hardly...when...句型、as时间状语从句 |
| **重点词汇** | 10个（swing, speedboat, desperately, companion, water ski, buoy, dismay, tremendous, drift, petrol） |
| **重点短语** | come away, slow down, use up, at tremendous speed, before long |
| **学习难点** | hardly...when...的时态搭配、过去完成时与一般过去时的先后关系 |

---

*本课以快艇失控的惊险故事复习过去完成时，重点掌握hardly...when...句型。*