# Lesson 84 On strike 罢工

## 一、课文原文

Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the students are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. The students are going to take the test in two days' time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **strike** | /straɪk/ | n./v. | 罢工；打击 | go on strike 罢工；strike breaker 罢工破坏者 |
| **busman** | /ˈbʌsmən/ | n. | 公共汽车司机 | bus + man 复合词 |
| **state** | /steɪt/ | v. | 声明，陈述 | statement n. 声明 |
| **agreement** | /əˈɡriːmənt/ | n. | 协议，同意 | reach an agreement 达成协议 |
| **relieve** | /rɪˈliːv/ | v. | 减轻 | relieve pain 减轻疼痛；relief n. 减轻 |
| **pressure** | /ˈpreʃə/ | n. | 压力 | under pressure 在压力下 |
| **extent** | /ɪkˈstent/ | n. | 程度 | to some extent 在某种程度上 |
| **volunteer** | /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ | v./n. | 自愿；志愿者 | volunteer to do 自愿做 |
| **gratitude** | /ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ | n. | 感激 | express gratitude to 向…表达感激 |
| **object** | /əbˈdʒekt/ | v. | 反对 | object to doing 反对做… |
| **expert** | /ˈekspɜːt/ | adj./n. | 熟练的；专家 | expert at/in 在…方面擅长 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. strike 的多种含义**
- n. 罢工：go on strike 举行罢工（本课用法）
- v. 打击：He struck the table. 他拍桌子。
- v. 罢工：The workers are striking. 工人们正在罢工。
- strike sb. as 给某人留下…印象

**2. object 的两种读音和词性**
- /əbˈdʒekt/ v. 反对：I object to the plan.
- /ˈɒbdʒekt/ n. 物体，目标：an object of art

**3. extent 的搭配**
- to some extent 在某种程度上
- to a large extent 在很大程度上
- to a certain extent 在一定程度上

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 一般将来时复习

本课大量使用将来时表达预测和计划：

| 结构 | 用法 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| will + 动词 | 预测、意愿 | The strike **will continue**. |
| be going to + 动词 | 计划、迹象 | Students **are going to take** the test. |
| will have to + 动词 | 必然性 | They **will have to pass** a special test. |

**will vs be going to**：
| | will | be going to |
|---|------|-------------|
| 预测（无迹象） | ✓ It will rain tomorrow. | |
| 预测（有迹象） | | ✓ Look at the clouds. It's going to rain. |
| 即时决定 | ✓ I'll help you. | |
| 预先计划 | | ✓ I'm going to visit Paris. |

### 2. 形式宾语 it

> People are going to find **it** difficult to get to work.

**结构**：find + it + 形容词 + to do

**it** 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语 to get to work。

**更多例句**：
- I find it hard to learn English. 我发现学英语很难。
- She thinks it important to be on time. 她认为准时很重要。
- We made it clear that we disagreed. 我们明确表示不同意。

### 3. until 引导时间状语从句

> The strike will continue **until** general agreement is reached.

**until 的用法**：
- 肯定句：动作持续到until为止
- not...until：直到…才

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. go on strike

> Busmen have decided to **go on strike** next week.

**含义**：举行罢工

相关表达：
- come out on strike 开始罢工
- be on strike 在罢工中
- call off a strike 取消罢工

### 2. due to

> The strike is **due to** begin on Tuesday.

**含义**：定于，预期

注意区分：
- due to + 名词：因为（= because of）→ He was late due to the rain.
- due to + 动词：定于 → The meeting is due to begin at 9.

### 3. to some extent

> This will relieve pressure on the trains **to some extent**.

**含义**：在某种程度上

### 4. so far

> But **so far**, the public has expressed its gratitude...

**含义**：到目前为止

**注意**：so far 通常与现在完成时连用。

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## 五、课文翻译

公共汽车司机决定下星期罢工。罢工定于星期二开始，谁也不知道会持续多久。司机们声称此次罢工将一直持续到就工资和工作条件问题达成全面协议的时候为止。多数人认为此次罢工至少会持续一个星期。很多私人汽车的车主正准备为乘车上班的人们提供"免费乘车"的服务，这将在某种程度上减轻对火车的压力。与此同时，有一部分大学生自愿在罢工期间驾驶公共汽车。所有的学生都是开车的能手，但在驾驶公共汽车之前，他们必须通过一项专门测验。学生们准备在两天后就接受测验。即使这样，人们仍会感到上班有困难。但到目前为止，公众已经向新闻界写信表达他们对学生们的感激之情了。只有一两个人提出反对意见，说学生们会把车开得太快！

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 英国罢工文化

英国有悠久的工会运动和罢工传统。公共部门罢工（如公交司机、铁路工人等）在英国时有发生，通常是为了争取更好的工资和工作条件。

### 2. Press 的含义

> ...in letters to the **Press**.

Press 此处指"新闻界、报界"（the Press），不是"压"的意思。注意大写P。

### 3. 课文的微妙讽刺

课文最后一句话是讽刺——大多数人感激学生的帮助，但"只有一两个人"担心学生开太快，暗示年轻人开车不够稳重。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- will 与 be going to 的区别练习
- 形式宾语 it 的句型改写

### 2. 词汇运用
- 用 volunteer, object, relieve 造句
- due to 的两种用法（+名词 vs +动词）

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述一次社会事件（使用将来时和形式宾语it）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 一般将来时复习（will/be going to）、形式宾语it、until时间状语 |
| **重点词汇** | 11个（strike, busman, state, agreement, relieve, pressure, extent, volunteer, gratitude, object, expert） |
| **重点短语** | go on strike, due to, to some extent, so far, find it + adj. + to do |
| **学习难点** | 形式宾语it的用法、will与be going to的选择 |

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*本课以公交罢工为题材复习将来时，重点掌握形式宾语it的用法。*