# Lesson 83 After the elections 大选之后

## 一、课文原文

The former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Patrick, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr. Lane's Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Patrick went to the former Prime Minister's house. When he asked if Mr. Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. On the following day, Patrick went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Patrick asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Patrick went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper. 'I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday,' he shouted, 'Mr. Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad!'

'I know,' answered Patrick, 'but I love to hear you say it!'

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **election** | /ɪˈlekʃn/ | n. | 选举 | elect v. 选举；general election 大选 |
| **defeat** | /dɪˈfiːt/ | v./n. | 击败 | be defeated 被击败；a crushing defeat 惨败 |
| **former** | /ˈfɔːmə/ | adj. | 前任的，以前的 | the former 前者；former Prime Minister 前首相 |
| **fanatical** | /fəˈnætɪkl/ | adj. | 狂热的 | fanatic n. 狂热者；fan n. 迷 |
| **opponent** | /əˈpəʊnənt/ | n. | 反对者 | oppose v. 反对；opposition n. 反对 |
| **suspicious** | /səˈspɪʃəs/ | adj. | 怀疑的 | suspicion n. 怀疑；be suspicious of 对…怀疑 |
| **radical** | /ˈrædɪkl/ | adj. | 激进的 | radical reform 激进改革 |
| **progressive** | /prəˈɡresɪv/ | adj. | 进步的 | progress n./v. 进步 |
| **ex-** | /eks/ | prefix | 前任的 | ex-Prime Minister 前首相；ex-wife 前妻 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. former 与 latter**
- the former 前者（提到的两个中的第一个）
- the latter 后者（提到的两个中的第二个）
- Of dogs and cats, I prefer the former. 狗和猫，我更喜欢前者。

**2. defeat 的用法**
- v. 击败：Our team defeated them. 我们队击败了他们。
- n. 失败：suffer a defeat 遭到失败
- 同义词：beat, overcome

**3. lose one's temper**
- 发脾气，发怒
- 同义表达：lose one's cool, get angry, fly into a rage
- 反义：keep one's temper 保持冷静

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 各种时态复习

本课综合运用多种时态：

| 时态 | 例句 | 用法 |
|------|------|------|
| 一般过去时 | was defeated | 过去事实 |
| 现在完成时 | has gone abroad | 已完成对现在有影响 |
| 过去完成时 | had gone abroad | 过去的过去 |
| 现在进行时 | is retiring | 正在进行 |
| 一般现在时 | has always been | 一直以来的状态 |

### 2. since 引导时间状语

> ...**since his defeat**, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad.

**since 的用法**：
| 用法 | 例句 |
|------|------|
| since + 名词 | since his defeat 自从他失败以来 |
| since + 时间点 | since 1990 自1990年以来 |
| since + 从句 | since he left 自从他离开以来 |

**主句时态**：since 引导的时间状语，主句通常用完成时。

### 3. 间接引语中的时态变化

> The policeman told him that the ex-Prime Minister **had gone** abroad.（原话：has gone）

**直接引语 → 间接引语时态后退**：
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|---------|---------|
| has gone | had gone |
| is retiring | was retiring |
| will go | would go |

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. on duty

> The policeman **on duty** told him...

**含义**：值班的，执勤的

反义：off duty 下班

### 2. the day after

> **The day after**, Patrick went to the house once more.

**含义**：第三天（= the following day after the following day）

注意：不是"后天"的意思，而是指"又过了一天"。

### 3. once more

> Patrick went to the house **once more**...

**含义**：再一次

同义表达：again, one more time, once again

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## 五、课文翻译

前首相温特沃兹·莱恩先生在最近的大选中被击败。他现在退出了政界，到国外去了。我的朋友帕特里克一直是莱恩先生的激进党的强烈反对者。大选结束后，帕特里克来到了前首相的住处。当他询问莱恩先生是否住在那里时，值班的警察告诉他这位前首相落选后出国去了。第二天，帕特里克再次来到前首相的住处。昨天的那位警察正从门口慢慢走过，帕特里克上前问了和昨天同样的问题。虽然那位警察这次有点疑心，但还是对他作了同样的回答。第三天，帕特里克又去了，提出了同前两天完全一样的问题。这一次警察火了。"我昨天和前天都告诉过您了，"他大叫着，"莱恩先生在大选中被击败了，他已经退出了政界去国外了！"

"这我都知道，"帕特里克说，"可我就是喜欢听你说出这些！"

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 课文结尾的幽默

帕特里克反复去问同一个问题，不是因为不知道答案，而是因为他"喜欢听到莱恩落选的消息"。这种对政治对手的幸灾乐祸被写得极为生动。

### 2. Radical Progressive Party

"激进进步党"是课文中虚构的政党名称。radical（激进的）和 progressive（进步的）是政治光谱中的常见术语。

### 3. 间接引语在叙事中的运用

本课大量使用间接引语（told him that...），因为不需要保留原话，只需传达信息内容，这是叙事文体的常见手法。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- 直接引语变间接引语（注意时态变化）
- 各种时态的综合填空

### 2. 词汇运用
- 用 defeat, opponent, suspicious 造句
- former 与 latter 的区别

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一个政治选举后的故事（使用间接引语和多种时态）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 各种时态复习、间接引语时态变化、since时间状语 |
| **重点词汇** | 9个（election, defeat, former, fanatical, opponent, suspicious, radical, progressive, ex-） |
| **重点短语** | on duty, lose one's temper, once more, the day after |
| **学习难点** | 间接引语中的时态后退、since 的多种用法 |

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*本课以大选故事复习各种时态，结尾的政治幽默令人莞尔，间接引语是重点。*