# Lesson 82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？

## 一、课文原文

Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail. The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **monster** | /ˈmɒnstə/ | n. | 怪物，妖怪 | monstrous adj. 巨大的，怪异的 |
| **sailor** | /ˈseɪlə/ | n. | 水手 | seaman 也是水手；sail v. 航行 |
| **sight** | /saɪt/ | v./n. | 看见；视力 | have been sighted 被目击；at first sight 乍一看 |
| **creature** | /ˈkriːtʃə/ | n. | 生物，动物 | create v. 创造；creation n. 创造物 |
| **peculiar** | /pɪˈkjuːliə/ | adj. | 奇怪的，独特的 | peculiar to 为…所特有的 |
| **oarfish** | /ˈɔːfɪʃ/ | n. | 桨鱼 | oar 桨 + fish 鱼 |
| **shining** | /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/ | adj. | 闪闪发光的 | shine v. 发光；shining example 光辉榜样 |
| **rarely** | /ˈreəli/ | adv. | 很少 | 同义词 seldom；反义词 often |
| **depth** | /depθ/ | n. | 深度 | deep adj. 深的；at a depth of 在…深处 |
| **eventually** | /ɪˈventʃuəli/ | adv. | 最终 | 同义词 finally, ultimately |

### 词汇拓展

**1. claim to have done**
- claim to have seen 声称曾经看到过
- 结构：claim + to have + 过去分词（不定式完成式）
- He claims to have been to Paris. 他声称去过巴黎。

**2. sight 的动词用法**
- 本课作动词：have been sighted 被目击到
- sight 作名词：lose sight of 看不见；out of sight 在视野之外
- at the sight of 一看到…

**3. peculiar 的多义**
- 奇怪的（本课用法）：a peculiar fish 一条奇怪的鱼
- 特有的：peculiar to this region 这个地区特有的
- 注意区分：peculiar（奇怪的）vs particular（特定的）

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 被动语态复习

本课大量使用被动语态：

| 被动形式 | 例句 | 用法 |
|---------|------|------|
| 一般现在时被动 | are **washed** to the shore | 经常性被动 |
| 一般过去时被动 | was **caught** near Madagascar | 过去被动 |
| 现在完成时被动 | have been **sighted** | 已被目击 |
| 现在进行时被动 | is **being examined** | 正在被检查 |
| 过去完成时被动 | had been **sent** | 已被送去 |

**被动语态的使用场景**：
1. 强调动作承受者
2. 不知道或不必说出动作执行者
3. 科学/客观叙述

### 2. claim to have done（不定式完成式）

> Fishermen sometimes **claim to have seen** monsters in the sea.

**结构**：claim + to have + 过去分词

**含义**：声称做过某事（动作发生在claim之前）

| 不定式形式 | 时间关系 | 例句 |
|-----------|---------|------|
| to do | 与谓语同时或之后 | He claims to know the answer. |
| to have done | 在谓语之前 | He claims to have seen it. |
| to be doing | 与谓语同时进行 | He claims to be working hard. |

### 3. no + 名词 的强调

> Realizing that this was **no ordinary fish**...

**no + 名词** 比 **not a + 名词** 语气更强：

| 表达 | 语气 | 含义 |
|------|------|------|
| not an ordinary fish | 一般否定 | 不是一条普通的鱼 |
| no ordinary fish | 强调否定 | 绝不是普通的鱼 |

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. at times

> ...which have **at times** been sighted...

**含义**：有时，偶尔

同义表达：sometimes, occasionally, from time to time

### 2. make every effort to

> The fisherman **made every effort not to damage** it.

**含义**：尽一切努力不…

相关搭配：
- make every effort to do 尽一切努力做
- make no effort to do 不努力做
- spare no effort to do 不遗余力做

### 3. at a depth of

> ...as they live **at a depth of** six hundred feet.

**含义**：在…的深度

类似结构：
- at a height of 在…的高度
- at a speed of 以…的速度
- at a distance of 在…的距离

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## 五、课文翻译

渔夫和水手们有时声称自己看到过海里的妖怪。虽然人们常常对水手们讲的故事付诸一笑，但现在看来，人们有时看到的这些"妖怪"很多不过是些奇怪的鱼。一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来，但它们在海上却极少能被捕到。然而不久前，在马达加斯加附近的海里却捕到了一条奇怪的鱼。一条小渔船被一条咬住钩的强壮的大鱼拖到了几英里以外的海面上。那位渔民意识到这根本不是一条普通的鱼，于是千方百计不让它受到丝毫伤害。当终于把它弄上岸后，人们发现它身长超过了13英尺。它长着一个像马一样的头，有着大的蓝眼睛和闪闪发光的银色皮肤，还有一条鲜红色的尾巴。此鱼叫桨鱼，被送进了博物馆，现正接受一位科学家的检查。人们很少能看到活着的这类动物，因为它们生活在600英尺深的水下。

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 海怪传说的科学解释

本课主题是"海怪"的科学解释。历史上许多"海怪"目击事件，后来被证实是罕见海洋生物（如桨鱼、巨型乌贼等）。课文用科学精神解释民间传说。

### 2. oarfish（桨鱼）

桨鱼是真实存在的深海鱼类，体长可达数米，有红色背鳍和银色身体。因其外形奇特，常被误认为"海蛇"或"海怪"。

### 3. Madagascar 的位置

马达加斯加是非洲东南部岛国，周围海域生物种类丰富，捕获罕见鱼类的可能性较高。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- 各种时态的被动语态转换
- 不定式完成式（to have done）的运用

### 2. 词汇运用
- 用 claim, peculiar, rarely 造句
- no + 名词 与 not a + 名词 的语气比较

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述一种罕见动物（使用被动语态和不定式完成式）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 被动语态复习（多种时态）、不定式完成式、no+名词的强调 |
| **重点词汇** | 10个（monster, sailor, sight, creature, peculiar, oarfish, shining, rarely, depth, eventually） |
| **重点短语** | at times, make every effort to, at a depth of, no ordinary |
| **学习难点** | 多种时态被动语态的构成、不定式完成式的用法 |

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*本课以海怪传说为题材复习被动语态，重点掌握各种时态的被动形式。*