# Lesson 81 Escape 脱逃

## 一、课文原文

When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **prisoner** | /ˈprɪznə/ | n. | 俘虏，囚犯 | prisoner of war 战俘（POW） |
| **drag** | /dræɡ/ | v. | 拖，拉 | drag into 拖进；反义词 push |
| **bush** | /bʊʃ/ | n. | 灌木丛 | bushes 复数；in the bushes 在灌木丛中 |
| **uniform** | /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ | n. | 制服 | in uniform 穿着制服 |
| **rifle** | /ˈraɪfl/ | n. | 步枪 | with a rifle over one's shoulder 肩扛步枪 |
| **march** | /mɑːtʃ/ | v. | 行军，行进 | march up and down 来回走动 |
| **boldly** | /ˈbəʊldli/ | adv. | 大胆地 | bold adj. 大胆的；boldness n. 胆量 |
| **blaze** | /bleɪz/ | v. | 闪耀，燃烧 | Lights were blazing 灯火通明 |
| **salute** | /səˈluːt/ | v. | 敬礼 | salute sb. 向某人敬礼 |
| **elderly** | /ˈeldəli/ | adj. | 上了年纪的 | 比old更委婉礼貌 |
| **blow** | /bləʊ/ | n./v. | 一击，打击 | a sharp blow 猛的一击 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. prisoner 相关搭配**
- prisoner of war 战俘（缩写 POW）
- take sb. prisoner 俘虏某人
- be taken prisoner 被俘

**2. march 的多种含义**
- v. 行军：march into the city 行军进城（本课用法）
- v. 快步走：She marched out of the room. 她大步走出房间。
- n. 游行：a protest march 抗议游行
- n. 三月：March（首字母大写）

**3. blow 的多种用法**
- n. 打击：a sharp blow 猛击（本课用法）
- n. 挫折：a heavy blow 沉重打击
- v. 吹：The wind blew hard. 风刮得很大。
- blow up 爆炸；blow out 吹灭

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 介词复习

本课介词使用丰富，是介词用法的典型课文：

| 介词 | 用法 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| in | 在…中（状态/位置） | **in** the darkness; **in** a blue uniform |
| with | 带有，伴随 | **with** a rifle over his shoulder |
| into | 进入 | changed **into** the clothes; dragged him **into** the bushes |
| at | 在（地点/时刻） | stopped **at** the camp gates; **at** that moment |
| towards | 朝向 | came **towards** him |
| over | 在…上方 | **over** his shoulder |
| to | 到，向 | knocked him **to** the ground |

### 2. 过去完成时

> **When he had killed** the guard, the prisoner quickly dragged him into the bushes.
> **When they had gone**, the driver came towards him.

**用法**：表示在过去某个动作之前已经完成的动作

**时间线**：
1. He had killed the guard. → 先发生
2. He dragged him into the bushes. → 后发生

### 3. 分词作状语

> **Working rapidly in the darkness**, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes.
> **dressed in a blue uniform**, the prisoner marched boldly...
> **jumping into the car**, he drove off...

| 分词类型 | 与主句主语关系 | 例句 |
|---------|-------------|------|
| 现在分词 doing | 主动 | Working rapidly, he changed... |
| 过去分词 done | 被动/状态 | Dressed in uniform, he marched... |

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. up and down

> The prisoner marched boldly **up and down** in front of the camp.

**含义**：来回，上下

- walk up and down 来回走动
- look up and down 上下打量

### 2. here and there

> Men were running **here and there**.

**含义**：到处，四处

类似表达：
- everywhere 到处
- all over the place 满地都是

### 3. stand to attention

> The prisoner **stood to attention** and saluted.

**含义**：立正站好

军事用语：at attention 立正姿势

### 4. feel sorry for

> The prisoner **felt sorry for** him.

**含义**：为…感到惋惜/同情

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## 五、课文翻译

那个战俘杀死卫兵以后，迅速地把尸体拖进了灌木丛。他在黑暗中忙活了一阵儿，很快就换上了死者的衣服。现在他身穿蓝军装，肩扛步枪，在军营门前大胆地来回走着。他听得见军营里面的喧闹声。那里灯火通明，人们在东奔西跑：他们刚刚发现有一个俘虏跑了。正在此时，一辆黑色大轿车在军营门口停了下来，里面坐了4个军官。军官们下了车，战俘立正站好，并在他们从他面前经过时敬了礼。他们走后，汽车司机向他走来，这人显然是想聊天。他上了年纪，有着灰白的头发和明亮的蓝眼睛。战俘为他感到惋惜，但却没有别的选择。当这个人走近时，战俘一拳把他打倒在地，然后跳进车里，以最快的速度把车开走了。

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 课文的戏剧张力

课文以战俘脱逃为题材，情节紧张：穿制服伪装、大胆地在营门前走来走去、向军官敬礼、最后打倒司机驾车逃走。整个过程节奏紧凑，令人屏息。

### 2. "He felt sorry for him" 的人性描写

战俘对老年司机"感到惋惜"却不得不将他打倒——这短短一句话展示了人性与求生的矛盾，是课文最动人的细节。

### 3. bush 与 shrub 的区别
- bush：灌木丛（野外常见）
- shrub：灌木（园艺用语，较正式）

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- 介词填空综合练习
- 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

### 2. 词汇运用
- 用 drag, march, salute, blow 造句
- here and there / up and down 搭配练习

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一个紧张的逃脱故事（使用过去完成时和分词作状语）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 介词复习、过去完成时、分词作状语（现在/过去分词） |
| **重点词汇** | 11个（prisoner, drag, bush, uniform, rifle, march, boldly, blaze, salute, elderly, blow） |
| **重点短语** | up and down, here and there, stand to attention, feel sorry for, knock to the ground |
| **学习难点** | 现在分词与过去分词作状语的选择、介词的精确使用 |

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*本课以战俘脱逃故事复习介词和分词用法，叙事紧张生动，分词作状语是重点。*