# Lesson 80 The Crystal Palace 水晶宫

## 一、课文原文

Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyth's steam hammer. Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **extraordinary** | /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ | adj. | 非凡的，特别的 | extra + ordinary 超出普通的 |
| **iron** | /ˈaɪən/ | n. | 铁 | iron and glass 铁和玻璃 |
| **exhibition** | /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ | n. | 展览会 | the Great Exhibition 大博览会 |
| **goods** | /ɡʊdz/ | n. | 商品，货物 | 只有复数形式，谓语用复数 |
| **machinery** | /məˈʃiːnəri/ | n. | 机械（总称） | 不可数名词；machine 是可数名词 |
| **display** | /dɪˈspleɪ/ | n./v. | 展示，陈列 | on display 在展出 |
| **steam** | /stiːm/ | n. | 蒸汽 | steam hammer 蒸汽锤；steam boat 汽船 |
| **profit** | /ˈprɒfɪt/ | n. | 利润 | profits 复数表示"赢利" |
| **various** | /ˈveəriəs/ | adj. | 各种各样的 | various parts of the world 世界各地 |
| **remain** | /rɪˈmeɪn/ | v. | 保持，仍是 | 后接形容词/名词作表语 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. exhibition 相关搭配**
- on exhibition 在展出
- hold an exhibition 举办展览
- exhibition hall 展览馆

**2. goods 的用法**
- 只有复数形式，没有单数形式
- 谓语动词用复数：The goods are ready.
- 同义词：merchandise（不可数），commodities（可数）

**3. machinery vs machine**
- machinery：机械的总称（不可数）
- machine：具体的机器（可数）
- 比较：a piece of machinery = a machine

**4. on display vs on show**
两者含义相近，都表示"在展出"，可互换使用。

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 比较级复习

本课包含多种比较结构：

| 结构 | 用法 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| the most + adj. | 最高级 | the most extraordinary building |
| different from | 与…不同 | different from all other buildings |
| as...as | 同级比较 | not as easy as it is today |
| one of the + 最高级 | 最…之一 | one of the biggest buildings |

**as...as 的否定形式**：
- not as...as = not so...as（不如…）
- Travelling was not as easy as it is today. = Travelling was less easy than it is today.

### 2. for 引导原因状语从句

> The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings, **for** it was made of iron and glass.

**for vs because**：
| 连词 | 语气 | 位置 | 用法 |
|------|------|------|------|
| because | 最强 | 主句前后皆可 | 直接回答"为什么" |
| for | 较弱 | 只在主句后 | 补充说明原因 |

### 3. On arriving... 结构

> **On arriving in England**, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.

**结构**：On + doing = as soon as 一…就…

- On hearing the news, she cried. 一听到消息她就哭了。
- On arriving home, he went to bed. 一到家他就上床了。

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. be made of

> ...it **was made of** iron and glass.

**be made of vs be made from vs be made in**：

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| be made of | 由…制成（看得出原料） | The desk is made of wood. |
| be made from | 由…制成（看不出原料） | Wine is made from grapes. |
| be made in | 在…制造 | Made in China 中国制造 |

### 2. of all time

> It was one of the biggest buildings **of all time**.

**含义**：有史以来，空前

同义表达：in history, ever

### 3. in all

> There were six million visitors **in all**.

**含义**：总共，合计

同义表达：altogether, in total

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## 五、课文翻译

19世纪最不寻常的建筑也许要数水晶宫了，它是为1851年的"世界博览会"而建在海德公园的。这座水晶宫不同于世界上所有的其他建筑，因为它是用钢和玻璃建成的。它是有史以来最高大的建筑物之一，因此，人们从各个国家纷纷前来参观。大量的商品从世界各地运送到了博览会，参展的还有很多机器，其中最奇妙的是内史密斯的蒸汽锤。尽管在当时旅行不像现在这么容易，但汽船还是把成千上万的参观者从欧洲大陆送过了英吉利海峡。一到英国，火车就把他们送到了水晶宫。参观的人数总共是600万。博览会的赢利用来建造博物馆和高等学校。后来，"水晶宫"被移到了伦敦南部。在1936年被焚毁之前，它一直是世界上最著名的建筑物之一。

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. The Great Exhibition of 1851

1851年大博览会（又称万国工业博览会）是人类历史上第一次世界博览会，在伦敦海德公园举行。水晶宫专门为此建造，由约瑟夫·帕克斯顿设计，是工业革命的象征性建筑。

### 2. Crystal Palace 的意义

水晶宫全部用铁和玻璃建造，在当时是革命性的建筑设计——传统建筑用砖石，而水晶宫展示了工业化材料的潜力。1936年被大火烧毁，是英国建筑史上的重大损失。

### 3. the Channel

> ...across the Channel from Europe.

The Channel = the English Channel 英吉利海峡，是英国与欧洲大陆之间的海峡。英语中常省略"English"而只说"the Channel"。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- as...as 同级比较与比较级互换
- On + doing 结构改写（On arriving = As soon as he arrived）

### 2. 词汇运用
- 用 be made of/from/in 造句
- machinery 与 machine 的区别练习

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述一座著名建筑（使用比较级和最高级）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 比较级/最高级复习、as...as同级比较、for原因状语从句、On+doing |
| **重点词汇** | 10个（extraordinary, iron, exhibition, goods, machinery, display, steam, profit, various, remain） |
| **重点短语** | be made of, on display, on show, of all time, in all, burnt down |
| **学习难点** | as...as 否定形式、be made of/from 区别、On+doing 结构 |

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*本课以水晶宫历史为题材复习比较级，重点掌握as...as结构和On+doing时间状语。*