# Lesson 78 The last one? 最后一枝吗？

## 一、课文原文

After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times!

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **entitle** | /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ | v. | 给…题名 | entitled 题为…的；be entitled to 有权… |
| **calm** | /kɑːm/ | v./adj. | 使平静；平静的 | calm down 平静下来 |
| **concentration** | /ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/ | n. | 专心，集中 | concentrate v. 集中；with concentration 专心地 |
| **suffer** | /ˈsʌfə/ | v. | 受苦，遭受 | suffer from 患…病；suffer terribly 吃尽苦头 |
| **symptom** | /ˈsɪmptəm/ | n. | 症状 | symptom of …的症状 |
| **temper** | /ˈtempə/ | n. | 脾气 | bad temper 坏脾气；lose one's temper 发脾气 |
| **appetite** | /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ | n. | 胃口，食欲 | enormous appetite 胃口很大 |
| **amusement** | /əˈmjuːzmənt/ | n. | 娱乐，乐趣 | amuse v. 使开心；to one's amusement 令人好笑的是 |
| **guiltily** | /ˈɡɪltili/ | adv. | 内疚地 | guilty adj. 内疚的；guilt n. 罪行，内疚 |
| **satisfaction** | /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/ | n. | 满足 | satisfy v. 使满意；satisfying adj. 令人满意的 |
| **urge** | /ˈɜːdʒ/ | v. | 极力劝促 | urge sb. to do 劝某人做；urgent adj. 紧急的 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. entitle 的两种用法**
- 题为：an article entitled "Cigarette Smoking"（本课用法）
- 有权：be entitled to sth. / to do sth. 有权拥有/做某事
- All employees are entitled to paid holidays. 所有员工都有权享受带薪假期。

**2. suffer 的搭配**
- suffer from + 疾病：suffer from headaches 患头痛
- suffer + 不良后果：suffer loss 遭受损失
- suffering n. 苦难

**3. temper 的常用搭配**
- bad temper 坏脾气
- lose one's temper 发脾气
- keep one's temper 忍住脾气
- in a good/bad temper 心情好/不好

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 冠词复习

本课冠词使用精妙，是冠词用法的典型课文：

| 冠词 | 用法 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| a/an | 首次提到，泛指 | I lit **a** cigarette. |
| the | 再次提到，特指 | **the** usual symptoms |
| 零冠词 | 抽象名词、泛指复数 | giving up **smoking** |

**重点：不定冠词 a/an 的选择**

| 规则 | 例句 |
|------|------|
| 辅音音素前用 a | **a** whole week, **a** bad temper |
| 元音音素前用 an | **an** article, **an** enormous appetite |

注意：是以**音素**而非**字母**为准：
- an hour（h不发音，以元音音素开头）
- a university（u发/juː/，以辅音音素开头）

### 2. 介词 + doing

> **After reading** an article... I lit a cigarette.

**结构**：介词 + 动名词（doing）

- After finishing the work, he went home. 完成工作后，他回家了。
- Before going to bed, she read a book. 睡前她读了一本书。

### 3. more than 的特殊用法

> ...it was **more than** I could bear.

**含义**：超出…所能承受的（= 我实在受不了了）

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| more than + 数量 | 超过 | more than 100 people |
| more than + 从句 | 超出…所能 | more than I can say |
| more than + 形容词 | 非常 | more than happy 非常高兴 |

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. keep on doing

> My friends **kept on offering** me cigarettes and cigars.

**含义**：不断做某事，反复做

同义表达：go on doing, continue doing

### 2. make no effort to

> They **made no effort to hide** their amusement.

**含义**：毫不掩饰，不设法…

反义：make every effort to 尽一切努力

### 3. return to normal

> ...things had **returned to normal** once more.

**含义**：恢复正常

同义表达：get back to normal, go back to normal

### 4. the easiest thing in the world

> ...it is **the easiest thing in the world** to give up smoking.

**含义**：世界上最容易的事（讽刺用语）

Brian 的这句话是全文的点睛之笔——戒烟最容易，因为他自己已经戒了很多次了（暗示每次都没成功）。

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## 五、课文翻译

读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后，我点上了一枝香烟，来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这枝烟。因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。这样过了7天以后，我去参加一次聚会。我周围的每个人都在吸烟，我感到非常不自在。当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时，我再也忍不住了。我内疚地接过一枝点上，心满意足地抽起来。一切又都恢复了正常，为此我妻子十分高兴。不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了！

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 标题 "The last one?" 的含义

标题用问号暗示：这真的会是最后一枝吗？答案是否定的——"我"最终又吸了烟。问号的讽刺效果极强。

### 2. 英式自嘲幽默

课文结尾是经典的英式幽默：Brian说"戒烟是世界上最容易的事，因为他自己已经戒了很多次了"——这恰恰说明戒烟很难，每次都失败。

### 3. 读完文章反而吸烟

课文开头充满讽刺：读了关于"吸烟与健康"的文章，非但没有戒烟，反而点上一枝烟来"镇定神经"，暴露了吸烟者的心理矛盾。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- 冠词 a/an/the/零冠词的综合填空
- 介词 + doing 的改写练习

### 2. 词汇运用
- 用 entitle, suffer, urge, satisfaction 造句
- more than 的多种含义练习

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一个关于"下定决心又放弃"的幽默故事（注意冠词使用）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 冠词复习（a/an/the/零冠词）、介词+doing、more than的特殊用法 |
| **重点词汇** | 11个（entitle, calm, concentration, suffer, symptom, temper, appetite, amusement, guiltily, satisfaction, urge） |
| **重点短语** | keep on doing, make no effort to, return to normal, more than...can bear |
| **学习难点** | 冠词的选择规则、more than 的多重含义、讽刺语气的理解 |

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*本课以戒烟的幽默故事复习冠词用法，结尾的讽刺是全册最经典的幽默之一。*