# Lesson 75 SOS 呼救信号

## 一、课文原文

When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **crash** | /kræʃ/ | v./n. | 坠毁，碰撞 | crash into 撞上；car crash 车祸 |
| **pilot** | /ˈpaɪlət/ | n. | 飞行员 | 也可作动词：pilot a plane 驾驶飞机 |
| **unhurt** | /ʌnˈhɜːt/ | adj. | 没有受伤的 | 否定前缀 un- + hurt |
| **suitcase** | /ˈsuːtkeɪs/ | n. | 手提箱 | suit + case 复合词 |
| **overhead** | /ˌəʊvəˈhed/ | adv. | 在头顶上 | over + head 复合词 |
| **signal** | /ˈsɪɡnl/ | n./v. | 信号，发信号 | send a signal 发信号；traffic signal 交通信号 |
| **stamp** | /stæmp/ | v. | 跺脚，踩 | stamp out 踩出；stamp on 踩踏 |
| **helicopter** | /ˈhelɪkɒptə/ | n. | 直升飞机 | 简称 copter |
| **survivor** | /səˈvaɪvə/ | n. | 幸存者 | survive v. 幸存；survival n. 存活 |
| **rescue** | /ˈreskjuː/ | v./n. | 营救 | rescue sb. from 把某人从…救出 |
| **terribly** | /ˈterəbli/ | adv. | 非常，极 | 口语中表程度：terribly cold 极冷 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. crash 的多种用法**
- 飞机坠毁：The plane crashed.（本课用法）
- 电脑死机：The computer crashed.
- 撞击：crash into a wall 撞墙
- 名词：a car crash 车祸

**2. SOS 的含义**
- 国际通用的求救信号
- 原为摩尔斯电码：··· ——— ···（三短三长三短）
- 并非任何词的缩写，但因好记而被关联为 "Save Our Souls"

**3. survivor vs. survival**
- survivor n. 幸存者：a survivor of the earthquake
- survival n. 存活，生存：survival of the fittest 适者生存

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 一般过去时复习

本课大量使用一般过去时叙述过去发生的事件：

> The plane **crashed** in the mountains.
> She **turned** a suitcase into a bed.
> She **stamped** out the letters 'SOS'.

**叙事文中的时态配合**：
- 连续动作：用一般过去时依次叙述
- 背景描述：用过去进行时（She was wondering...）

### 2. 系动词

本课出现多个系动词，后接形容词作表语：

| 系动词 | 例句 | 含义 |
|--------|------|------|
| be | It **was** the middle of winter. | 是 |
| grow | When it **grew** dark... | 变得（渐变） |
| get | It **got** terribly cold. | 变得（突变） |
| keep | The woman **kept** as near as she could... | 保持 |

**系动词分类**：
| 类型 | 系动词 | 特点 |
|------|--------|------|
| 状态系动词 | be | 表示状态 |
| 变化系动词 | become, get, grow, turn, go | 表示变化 |
| 持续系动词 | keep, remain, stay | 表示持续 |
| 感官系动词 | look, feel, sound, smell, taste | 表示感官 |

### 3. 现在分词作伴随状语

> ...**covering them with all the clothes** she could find.

**结构**：主句 + doing...（表示与主句动作同时发生的伴随动作）

相当于：and covered them with all the clothes she could find.

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. turn...into...

> She **turned** a suitcase **into** a bed.

**含义**：把…变成…

同义表达：convert...into..., transform...into...

### 2. It was not long before...

> **It was not long before** a helicopter arrived on the scene...

**含义**：不久，很快

| 句型 | 含义 |
|------|------|
| It was not long before... | 不久就… |
| It will not be long before... | 不久就会… |
| It was long before... | 很久才… |

### 3. as near as she could

> The woman kept **as near as she could** to the children.

**结构**：as + 副词 + as one could 尽可能地…

- as fast as he could 尽可能快地
- as hard as she could 尽可能努力地

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## 五、课文翻译

不久前，一架轻型客机偏离了航线，在山区坠毁，飞行员丧生。机上仅有的乘客，一位年轻的妇女和她的两个女婴却平安无事。此时正值隆冬季节，地上积着厚厚的雪。这位妇女知道，即使最近的村庄也有数英里远。天黑下来的时候，她把提箱当作小床，把两个孩子放了进去，又把所有能找到的衣服都盖在了孩子们身上。夜里，天冷得厉害。这位妇女尽可能地靠近孩子，甚至自己也想钻进箱子里去，只是箱子太小了。第二天一大早，她听到头顶上有飞机飞过，但不知道怎样才能发个信号。后来她有了一个主意。她在雪地上踩出了"SOS"这3个字母。幸运得很，一位飞行员看到这个信号，用无线电给最近的城镇发了报。不久，一架直升飞机飞抵飞机失事现场，来搭救这几个幸存者。

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 母亲的智慧与勇气

课文展现了一位母亲在极端困境中的冷静与智慧——用手提箱当床保暖，在雪地上踩出SOS信号。这种在绝境中求生的主题是英语叙事文的常见题材。

### 2. Snow lay thick on the ground

此处 lie thick 是倒装式的描写手法：lie（动词）+ thick（副词/形容词），表示"厚厚地覆盖"。

类似表达：
- Dust lay thick on the furniture. 家具上积了厚厚的灰尘。
- Snow lay deep on the roads. 路上积雪很深。

### 3. by radio 的含义

> ...sent a message **by radio** to the nearest town.

by radio = by means of radio 通过无线电，by表示"通过…方式"。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- 系动词的用法（be/grow/get/keep/turn/become）
- 现在分词作伴随状语改写

### 2. 词汇运用
- 用 crash, survivor, rescue, signal 造句
- as...as one could 句型练习

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一个关于紧急情况下的自救故事（使用一般过去时和系动词）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 一般过去时复习、系动词（be/grow/get/keep）、现在分词作伴随状语 |
| **重点词汇** | 11个（crash, pilot, unhurt, suitcase, overhead, signal, stamp, helicopter, survivor, rescue, terribly） |
| **重点短语** | fly off course, turn into, stamp out, by radio, on the scene, It was not long before |
| **学习难点** | 系动词分类及用法、as...as one could 结构 |

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*本课以空难求生故事复习一般过去时，重点掌握系动词的用法和分词作状语。*