# Lesson 73 The record-holder 纪录保持者

## 一、课文原文

Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet day's fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles. He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of evading school.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **record-holder** | /ˈrekɔːdˈhəʊldə/ | n. | 纪录保持者 | 复合名词；world record-holder 世界纪录保持者 |
| **truant** | /ˈtruːənt/ | n. | 逃学者 | play truant 逃学；同义短语 skip school |
| **unimaginative** | /ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/ | adj. | 缺乏想象力的 | 否定前缀 un- + imaginative |
| **shame** | /ʃeɪm/ | n. | 惭愧，羞耻 | put to shame 使相形见绌；what a shame 真遗憾 |
| **hitchhike** | /ˈhɪtʃhaɪk/ | v. | 搭便车旅行 | hitchhiker n. 搭便车的人 |
| **meantime** | /ˈmiːntaɪm/ | n. | 其间 | in the meantime 与此同时 |
| **lorry** | /ˈlɒri/ | n. | 卡车 | 英式用法，美式为 truck |
| **border** | /ˈbɔːdə/ | n. | 边界 | on the border 在边界上；border on 与…接壤 |
| **evade** | /ɪˈveɪd/ | v. | 逃避 | evasion n. 逃避；evade taxes 逃税 |
| **creep** | /kriːp/ | v. | 悄悄移动 | 过去式 crept；creep off 悄悄离开 |
| **towards** | /təˈwɔːdz/ | prep. | 接近，将近 | towards evening 傍晚时分 |
| **authority** | /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ | n. | 当局，权力 | 常用复数 authorities 表示当局 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. play truant 的同义表达**
- play truant（英式）= skip school（美式）= cut class
- truancy n. 逃学行为

**2. put to shame 用法详解**
- 含义：使相形见绌，使蒙羞
- His performance put all of us to shame. 他的表现使我们自愧不如。
- 同义表达：dwarf, overshadow

**3. as far as 的多种含义**
- 表示程度：as far as they get 他们能做的也就到此为止
- 表示范围：as far as I know 据我所知
- 表示距离：as far as the station 远至车站

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 简单句、并列句、复合句复习

本课综合运用了三种句型：

| 句型 | 定义 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| 简单句 | 一个主谓结构 | He hitchhiked to Dover. |
| 并列句 | 由and/but/or等连接 | He hitchhiked to Dover **and** went into a boat. |
| 复合句 | 含有从句 | Children **who** play truant are unimaginative. |

**本课复合句类型**：
- 定语从句：Children **who play truant from school** are unimaginative.
- 时间状语从句：**When he woke up next morning**, he discovered...
- 原因状语从句（as）：No one noticed the boy **as he crept off**.

### 2. while + 现在分词

> ...a boy who, **while playing truant**, travelled 1,600 miles.

**结构**：while + doing（省略了与主句相同的主语和be动词）

完整形式：while he was playing truant

**更多例句**：
- While reading the book, I fell asleep. 读书时我睡着了。
- While walking in the park, she met an old friend. 散步时她遇到了老朋友。

### 3. 过去完成时

> When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat **had** travelled to Calais.

**用法**：表示在过去某个时间点之前已经发生的动作（过去的过去）

| 时间线 | 动作 | 时态 |
|--------|------|------|
| 先发生 | 船到达加莱 | 过去完成时 had travelled |
| 后发生 | 他醒来发现 | 一般过去时 discovered |

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. as far as 句型

> A quiet day's fishing... is usually **as far as** they get.

**含义**：他们能做到的也就到此为止了（表示极限、程度）

| 句型 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| as far as + 从句 | 到…程度 | As far as I know, he is honest. |
| as far as + 名词 | 远至 | We walked as far as the lake. |

### 2. over and over again

> ...seeing the same film **over and over again**

**含义**：一遍又一遍地，反复地

同义表达：again and again, repeatedly, time and time again

### 3. set up a record

> He has surely **set up a record**...

**搭配**：
- set up / establish a record 创造纪录
- break / beat a record 打破纪录
- hold a record 保持纪录

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## 五、课文翻译

逃学的孩子们都缺乏想象力。他们通常能够做到的，至多也就是安静地钓上一天鱼，或在电影院里坐上8个小时，一遍遍地看同一部电影。而有那么一个小男孩，他在逃学期间旅行了1,600英里，从而使上述所有逃学的孩子们都相形见绌了。他搭便车到了多佛，天快黑时钻进了一条船，想找个地方睡觉。第二天早上他醒来时，发现船在这段时间已经到了加莱。当男孩从船里爬出来时，谁也没有发现他。从那里他又搭上卡车到了巴黎。司机给了他几块饼干和一杯咖啡，就把他丢在了城外。男孩截住的下一辆车，没有像他希望的那样把他带到巴黎市中心，而是把他带到了法国和西班牙边界上的佩皮尼昂。他在那儿被一个警察抓住了，之后被当局送回了英国。他无疑为成千上万梦想逃避上学的孩子们创造了一项纪录。

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 课文的幽默感

课文标题"The record-holder"表面是"纪录保持者"，实际上指的是逃学最远的孩子。用庄重的词语描述逃学行为，形成反差幽默。

### 2. Dover 与 Calais 的地理背景

Dover（多佛）是英国东南部港口，Calais（加莱）是法国北部港口，两地隔英吉利海峡相望，是英法之间最短的海路。男孩在船上睡着后不知不觉到了法国，这个情节既真实又有趣。

### 3. as he hoped it would 的省略

> The next car... did not take him into the centre of Paris **as he hoped it would**

as he hoped it would (take him into the centre of Paris)，would后省略了与主句重复的内容。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 句型练习
- 用 while + doing 改写复合句
- 区分简单句、并列句、复合句

### 2. 词汇运用
- 用 put to shame, as far as, set up a record 造句
- over and over again 与同义短语替换

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述一个孩子的冒险经历（使用过去完成时和定语从句）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 简单句/并列句/复合句复习、while+doing、过去完成时 |
| **重点词汇** | 12个（record-holder, truant, unimaginative, shame, hitchhike, meantime, lorry, border, evade, creep, towards, authority） |
| **重点短语** | play truant, put to shame, as far as, over and over again, set up a record, in the meantime |
| **学习难点** | as far as 的多种用法、while+分词结构、过去完成时的时态呼应 |

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*本课是第二册后半部分的开篇，以逃学孩子的故事综合复习三种句型，同时引入while+分词结构。*