# Lesson 69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！

## 一、课文原文

I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!'

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **murder** | /ˈmɜːdə/ | n. | 谋杀 | but not murder 并非谋杀 |
| **instruct** | /ɪnˈstrʌkt/ | v. | 命令，指示 | instruct sb. to do 指示某人做 |
| **acquire** | /əˈkwaɪə/ | v. | 取得，获得 | acquire confidence 获得信心 |
| **confidence** | /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ | n. | 信心 | confident adj. 有信心的 |
| **examiner** | /ɪɡˈzæmɪnə/ | n. | 主考人 | examine(v.) → examiner(n.) |
| **suppose** | /səˈpəʊz/ | v. | 假设 | Let us suppose 让我们假设 |
| **tap** | /tæp/ | v. | 轻敲 | tap on the window 敲窗户 |
| **react** | /rɪˈækt/ | v. | 反应 | reaction n. 反应 |
| **brake** | /breɪk/ | n. | 刹车 | brake pedal 刹车踏板 |
| **pedal** | /ˈpedl/ | n. | 踏板 | brake pedal |
| **mournful** | /ˈmɔːnfʊl/ | adj. | 悲哀的 | mourn(v.哀悼) + ful |

### 词汇拓展

**1. acquire vs. get vs. obtain**

| 词 | 含义 | 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| acquire | 获得（逐渐地） | acquire confidence/skills |
| get | 得到（最常用） | get a book |
| obtain | 获得（正式） | obtain permission |

**2. instruct 的搭配**
- instruct sb. to do sth. 指示某人做某事
- instruction n. 指示，说明
- instructions 说明书

**3. suppose 的用法**
- suppose that... 假设……
- Let us suppose 让我们假设
- be supposed to do 应该做某事

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 动名词完成式的被动结构

> **After having been instructed** to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

- 结构：having been + 过去分词
- 介词 after 后接动名词完成被动式
- 表示"被指示"发生在主句动作之前
- 相当于：After I had been instructed to drive out of town

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| having done | 完成式（主动） | After having finished, he left. |
| having been done | 完成式（被动） | After having been told, she left. |

### 2. must have been 对过去的推测

> The examiner **must have been pleased** with my performance.

- must + have been + 形容词/过去分词
- 对过去情况的肯定推测
- 意为"一定/想必……了"

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| must have done | 一定做了 | He must have left. |
| must have been | 一定是 | She must have been tired. |
| can't have done | 不可能做了 | He can't have said that. |

### 3. 过去进行时的被动语态

> I **was being tested** for a driving licence for the third time.

- 结构：was/were + being + 过去分词
- 表示过去某一时刻正在被进行的动作
- 意为"我正在接受驾驶考试"

### 4. 形容词短语作状语（省略being）

> **Sure that I had passed**, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.

- 完整形式：Being sure that I had passed
- 省略 being 后变成形容词短语作状语
- 表示原因：因为我确信自己通过了

### 5. Let us suppose 虚拟语气

> **Let us suppose that** a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.

- suppose 引导假设
- 此处不是虚拟语气，而是真实的假设
- 用于设定情景

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. 固定搭配

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| **driving licence** | 驾驶执照 | tested for a driving licence |
| **heavy traffic** | 繁忙的交通 | drive in heavy traffic |
| **be pleased with** | 对……满意 | must have been pleased with my performance |
| **in front of** | 在……前面 | crosses the road in front of you |
| **within five feet** | 在五英尺之内 | stop within five feet |
| **brake pedal** | 刹车踏板 | pressed the brake pedal hard |
| **in a mournful voice** | 用悲伤的声调 | in a mournful voice |

### 2. in a ... voice 的搭配

| 搭配 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| in a loud voice | 大声地 |
| in a low voice | 低声地 |
| in a mournful voice | 悲伤地 |
| in a sweet voice | 甜美地 |

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## 五、课文翻译

我正在第三次接受驾驶执照考试。我被要求在交通繁忙的地方开车，并且已经顺利通过了。在被指示开到城外之后，我开始有了信心。我确信自己已经通过了考试，几乎开始享受这次考试了。主考人对我的驾驶想必是满意的，因为他微笑着说："还有一件事，埃姆斯先生。假设有一个小孩突然从你前面的马路穿过。我一敲窗户，你就必须在5英尺之内停车。"我继续开车，过了一会儿，主考人使劲敲了一下窗户。虽然声音听得很清楚，但我过了好一会儿才做出反应。我突然使劲踩下刹车踏板，我们两人都向前猛冲了一下。主考人伤心地看着我。"埃姆斯先生，"他用悲伤的声调说，"你刚刚杀死了那个孩子！"

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. "But not murder!" 的含义
- 主考人说"你刚刚杀死了那个孩子"
- 但这只是假设的情况——实际上没有孩子
- 所以"并非谋杀"——标题的幽默在于把驾考失误说成"谋杀"

### 2. 课文的紧张节奏
- 前半段：顺利通过考试，信心满满
- 转折：主考人增加测试——紧急停车
- 高潮：反应迟缓，刹车太猛
- 结尾：主考人用"悲伤"的语调宣布"杀死"了孩子

### 3. "it took me a long time to react"
- 强调反应迟缓
- 与前面"信心满满"形成对比
- 反应慢是驾驶中的致命缺点

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- having been done 动名词完成被动式
- must have done 对过去的推测
- 过去进行时的被动语态

### 2. 词汇运用
- acquire confidence / be pleased with 的搭配
- in a ... voice 的表达

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一次考试或测试的经历

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 被动语态（过去进行时被动）、having been done（动名词完成被动式）、must have done（对过去的推测）、形容词短语作状语 |
| **重点词汇** | 11个（murder, instruct, acquire, confidence, examiner, suppose, tap, react, brake, pedal, mournful） |
| **重点短语** | driving licence, heavy traffic, be pleased with, in front of, within five feet, brake pedal, in a mournful voice |
| **学习难点** | having been done的结构与用法、must have been对过去的推测 |

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*本课核心是被动语态和having been done的用法，需重点掌握动名词完成被动式作状语的结构。*