# Lesson 67 Volcanoes 火山

## 一、课文原文

Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.

---

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **volcano** | /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ | n. | 火山 | 复数 volcanoes；active volcano 活火山 |
| **active** | /ˈæktɪv/ | adj. | 活动的 | active volcanoes 活火山 |
| **violently** | /ˈvaɪələntli/ | adv. | 猛烈地 | violent(adj.) + ly |
| **erupt** | /ɪˈrʌpt/ | v. | （火山）喷发 | eruption n. 喷发 |
| **manage** | /ˈmænɪdʒ/ | v. | 设法 | manage to do 设法做到 |
| **brilliant** | /ˈbrɪljənt/ | adj. | 精彩的 | brilliant photographs 精彩的照片 |
| **liquid** | /ˈlɪkwɪd/ | adj. | 液态的 | liquid rock 液态岩石（岩浆） |
| **escape** | /ɪˈskeɪp/ | v. | 逃脱 | escape from 从……逃脱 |
| **alive** | /əˈlaɪv/ | adj. | 活着的 | any man alive 任何在世的人 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. can / be able to / manage to 的区别**

| 结构 | 含义 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| can | 能够 | 表示一般能力 | I can swim. |
| be able to | 能够 | 表示具体场合的能力 | He was able to set up his camp. |
| manage to | 设法做到 | 强调克服困难后成功 | He managed to escape. |

**2. alive 作后置定语**
- alive 是表语形容词，作定语时必须放在名词后面
- any man alive 任何在世的人
- 类似词：alive, asleep, awake, alone, afraid

**3. erupt 的派生词**
- erupt v. 喷发
- eruption n. 喷发
- eruptive adj. 喷发的

---

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. can / be able to / manage to

| 结构 | 课文例句 | 侧重点 |
|---|---|---|
| be able to | Tazieff **was able to** set up his camp. | 具体场合的能力 |
| manage to | He **managed to** take a number of photographs. | 克服困难后成功 |
| could not | He **could not** stay near the volcano. | 能力的否定 |

**关键区别**：
- was able to do = 成功做了某事（= managed to do）
- could do = 有能力做（但不一定做了）
- 在肯定句中，was able to 和 could 不能互换

### 2. spend...doing 结构

> Tazieff has **spent his lifetime studying** active volcanoes.

- spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.
- 意为"把时间花在做某事上"
- 介词 in 可以省略

### 3. so that 引导目的状语从句

> ...he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro **so that** he could take photographs and measure temperatures.

- so that = 为了，以便
- 从句中使用 could/might/would

### 4. while 引导时间状语从句

> ...**while** it was erupting violently.

- while = 当……的时候
- 强调主从句动作同时发生

---

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. 固定搭配

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| **spend one's lifetime doing** | 毕生从事 | has spent his lifetime studying |
| **set up** | 搭建 | set up his camp |
| **close to** | 接近 | very close to the volcano |
| **a river of** | 一股…… | a river of liquid rock |
| **in time** | 及时 | managed to escape just in time |
| **risk one's life** | 冒生命危险 | Tazieff has often risked his life |
| **so that** | 以便 | so that he could take photographs |

### 2. 暗喻（Metaphor）

> **a river of liquid rock**

- 用 river 形容岩浆的流动状态
- 不是真正意义上的"河流"
- 生动形象地描述了岩浆滚滚而来的景象

---

## 五、课文翻译

波兰科学家哈罗恩·塔捷耶夫把他毕生的精力都用于研究世界各地的活火山和深洞。1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖，观察一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山。塔捷耶夫在火山猛烈喷发时能在离火山很近的地方搭起帐篷。尽管他设法拍了许多精彩的照片，但他不能在火山附近待太久。他注意到一股岩浆正向他流来。这股岩浆威胁着要将他团团围住，但塔捷耶夫还是及时逃脱了。他一直等到火山平静下来，两天后他才能返回。这一次，他设法爬进了基图罗火山口，以便拍照和测量温度。塔捷耶夫常常这样冒生命危险。他能够比任何在世的人告诉我们更多关于活火山的情况。

---

## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. "a river of liquid rock" 的修辞
- 暗喻（Metaphor）：将岩浆比作河流
- liquid rock = 岩浆 = lava
- 形象生动，给人以身临其境之感

### 2. "the mouth of Kituro" 拟人
- mouth = 火山口
- 将火山拟人化，有"嘴"可"吞人"
- 增强了描述的生动性

### 3. in time vs. on time

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| in time | 及时（在变糟之前） | He escaped just in time. |
| on time | 准时（按计划时间） | The train arrived on time. |

---

## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- can / be able to / manage to 的辨析
- alive 等表语形容词的用法

### 2. 词汇运用
- spend...doing 结构
- risk one's life 的搭配

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述一次冒险经历（使用managed to / was able to）

---

## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | can/be able to/manage to的区别、spend...doing、so that目的状语从句、while时间状语从句 |
| **重点词汇** | 9个（volcano, active, violently, erupt, manage, brilliant, liquid, escape, alive） |
| **重点短语** | spend one's lifetime doing, set up, close to, a river of, in time, risk one's life |
| **学习难点** | was able to与could在肯定句中的区别、alive作后置定语 |

---

*本课核心是can/be able to/manage to的辨析，需重点掌握was able to在肯定句中表示"成功做成某事"的用法。*