# Lesson 65 Jumbo versus the police 小象对警察

## 一、课文原文

Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. 'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **versus** | /ˈvɜːsəs/ | prep. | 对 | 缩写 vs.，用于比赛或诉讼 |
| **Christmas** | /ˈkrɪsməs/ | n. | 圣诞节 | Father Christmas 圣诞老人 |
| **circus** | /ˈsɜːkəs/ | n. | 马戏团 | circus owner 马戏团老板 |
| **present** | /ˈpreznt/ | n. | 礼物 | = gift |
| **accompany** | /əˈkʌmpəni/ | v. | 陪伴，随行 | accompany sb. 陪伴某人 |
| **approach** | /əˈprəʊtʃ/ | v. | 走近 | approach sb. 走近某人 |
| **ought** | /ɔːt/ | modal v. | 应该 | ought to do 应该做 |
| **fortunate** | /ˈfɔːtʃənət/ | adj. | 幸运的 | = lucky |

### 词汇拓展

**1. versus 的用法**
- 缩写 vs.
- 用于比赛：Team A vs. Team B
- 用于法律：Plaintiff vs. Defendant
- 用于对比：Man vs. Nature

**2. accompany 的搭配**
- accompany sb. 陪伴某人
- accompany sb. to a place 陪某人去某地
- accompanied by 由……陪同
- accompaniment n. 伴奏

**3. approach 的多义**
- v. 走近，接近：A policeman approached Jimmy.
- v. 处理：approach a problem 处理问题
- n. 方法：a new approach 一种新方法
- n. 途径：the approach to the airport 通往机场的路

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. should have + 过去分词

> He **should have known** that the police would never allow this sort of thing.

- 表示"本应该做某事（但实际没做）"
- 含有责备或遗憾的语气
- 他本该知道警察不会允许这种事

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| should have done | 本应该做（但没做） | You should have told me earlier. |
| should not have done | 本不该做（但做了） | You shouldn't have said that. |

### 2. ought to have + 过去分词

> He **ought to have gone** along a side street.

- 与 should have done 用法相似
- 表示"过去本该做某事（但没做）"
- ought to 更正式

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| ought to have done | 本应该做（但没做） | He ought to have come earlier. |
| should have done | 本应该做（但没做） | He should have come earlier. |

### 3. must + have + 过去分词（对过去的推测）

> Jumbo **must weigh** a few tons.
> 'Jumbo **must weigh** a few tons,' said a policeman.

- must + 动词原形：对现在的肯定推测
- must have + 过去分词：对过去的肯定推测

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| must do | 一定（现在） | He must be at home. |
| must have done | 一定（过去） | He must have forgotten. |
| can't do | 不可能（现在） | He can't be at home. |
| can't have done | 不可能（过去） | He can't have forgotten. |

### 4. 过去分词短语作状语

> **Dressed up** as Father Christmas and **accompanied** by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls...

- dressed up 和 accompanied by 是两个过去分词短语
- 作伴随状语，修饰主句主语 he（Jimmy Gates）
- 过去分词表示被动/完成

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. 固定搭配

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| **dress up as** | 装扮成 | Dressed up as Father Christmas |
| **set off** | 出发 | he set off down the main street |
| **hold up** | 阻碍 | Jumbo was holding up the traffic |
| **agree to do** | 同意做 | Jimmy agreed to go at once |
| **refuse to do** | 拒绝做 | Jumbo refused to move |
| **have a difficult time** | 日子不好过 | The police had a difficult time. |
| **let sb. off** | 放过某人 | We shall let him off this time. |
| **have a good record** | 表现良好 | he has a good record |

### 2. most amused

> They were **most** amused.

- most 在此处是副词，= very
- 不是最高级，而是加强语气
- 意为"非常觉得好笑"

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## 五、课文翻译

去年圣诞节，马戏团老板吉米·盖茨决定给一家儿童医院送些礼物。他打扮成圣诞老人，在6个漂亮姑娘组成的"仪仗队"的陪同下，骑上一头叫江伯的小象出发了，沿着城里的主要街道行进。他本该知道警察绝不会允许这类事情发生。一个警察走近吉米，告诉他本应该走一条小路，因为江伯阻碍了交通。虽然吉米同意立刻就走，但江伯却拒绝移动。15个警察不得不使劲推才把它推离主要街道。警察费了好大的劲，但他们都觉得非常好笑。"江伯一定有好几吨重，"一个警察事后说，"所以我们很幸运，不用抬它。当然，我们应该逮捕它，但由于它一贯表现良好，这次我们就饶了它。"

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. "Jumbo versus the police" 的幽默
- versus 通常用于正式比赛或法律
- 用在象和警察之间，暗示这是一场"较量"
- 15个警察才能推动一头小象——力量对比悬殊

### 2. "let him off this time" 的幽默
- 警察说要"逮捕"象，但又说它"表现一贯良好"而放过
- 把象当作人来对待——拟人化的幽默
- "good record" 本指人的犯罪记录清白，此处用于象

### 3. should have known vs. ought to have gone
- should have known：他本该知道（知道是认知层面）
- ought to have gone：他本应该走（走是行动层面）
- 两者都表示"本应该做但没做"

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- should have done / ought to have done 的用法
- must 对过去的推测

### 2. 词汇运用
- dress up as / hold up / let off 的用法
- approach 的多义

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一个关于动物与人的有趣故事

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | must/have to/should的用法（should have done, ought to have done, must+have done, have to do） |
| **重点词汇** | 8个（versus, Christmas, circus, present, accompany, approach, ought, fortunate） |
| **重点短语** | dress up as, set off, hold up, agree to do, refuse to do, let sb. off, have a good record |
| **学习难点** | should have done与ought to have done的区别、must表推测与must表义务的区别 |

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*本课核心是should/ought to/must的用法，需重点掌握should have done（本该做但没做）与must have done（对过去的肯定推测）。*