# Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道

## 一、课文原文

In 1858, a French engineer, Aimé Thomé de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. It was officially opened on March 7, 1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **tunnel** | /ˈtʌnl/ | n. | 隧道 | the Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道 |
| **port** | /pɔːt/ | n. | 港口 | serve as a port 用作港口 |
| **ventilate** | /ˈventɪleɪt/ | v. | 通风 | well-ventilated 通风良好的 |
| **ventilation** | /ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/ | n. | 通风 | the problem of ventilation 通风问题 |
| **chimney** | /ˈtʃɪmni/ | n. | 烟囱 | tall chimneys 高烟囱 |
| **sea level** | /siː-ˈlevl/ | n. | 海平面 | above sea level 在海平面之上 |
| **double** | /ˈdʌbl/ | adj. | 双的 | a double railway tunnel 双轨隧道 |
| **fear** | /fɪə/ | v. | 害怕 | fear invasion 害怕入侵 |
| **invasion** | /ɪnˈveɪʒn/ | n. | 入侵，侵略 | invade(v.) → invasion(n.) |
| **officially** | /əˈfɪʃəli/ | adv. | 正式地 | official(adj.) + ly |
| **connect** | /kəˈnekt/ | v. | 连接 | connect A to B 把A和B连接 |
| **European** | /ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/ | adj. | 欧洲的 | the European continent 欧洲大陆 |
| **continent** | /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ | n. | 大陆 | the continent 大陆（此处指欧洲大陆） |

### 词汇拓展

**1. connect 的搭配**
- connect A to/with B 把A和B连接起来
- connection n. 连接，关系
- connected adj. 有联系的

**2. serve as 的用法**
- serve as 充当，用作
- He served as chairman. 他担任主席。
- serve for 同义

**3. fear 的搭配**
- fear sth. 害怕某事
- fear for sb. 为某人担心
- for fear of 惟恐，怕

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 虚拟语气——与过去事实相反的假设

> **If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.**

- 条件句（if从句）：had + 过去分词
- 主句：would have + 过去分词
- 表示与过去事实相反的假设

| 从句 | 主句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| If + had done | would have done | If I had known, I would have helped you. |
| If + had not done | would not have done | If he hadn't left, he would have seen it. |

**本句含义**：如果当时英国人不怕入侵，隧道早就建成了。（事实：英国人害怕入侵，所以隧道没有建成）

### 2. 虚拟语气——suggest后的宾语从句

> He **suggested that** a double railway tunnel **should be built**.

- suggest/demand/recommend/insist 等动词后，that从句中用 should + 动词原形
- should 常省略
- 这是一种虚拟语气的结构

| 动词 | that从句中的动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| suggest | (should) do | He suggested that we (should) go. |
| demand | (should) do | She demanded that he (should) leave. |
| recommend | (should) do | I recommend that you (should) try. |

### 3. 条件句中的虚拟语气（与现在/将来相反）

> The tunnel would be well-ventilated **if tall chimneys were built** above sea level.

- if 从句用一般过去时（were built），主句用 would + 动词原形
- 表示对现在或将来的假设

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. 固定搭配

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| **serve as** | 用作，充当 | This platform would serve as a port. |
| **put forward** | 提出（计划等） | A better plan was put forward. |
| **draw in** | 吸入 | draw in fresh air 吸入新鲜空气 |
| **fear invasion** | 害怕入侵 | the British feared invasion |
| **connect...to...** | 把……连接到 | connecting Britain to the European continent |

### 2. 介词短语作定语

> a plan **for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel**

- for a...Channel 是介词短语，作定语修饰 plan
- under the English Channel 也是介词短语，修饰 tunnel

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## 五、课文翻译

1858年，一位名叫艾梅·托梅·德·加蒙的法国工程师带着一份在英吉利海峡下面修一条21英里长的隧道的计划来到了英国。他说在海峡中央建造一个平台是可能的。这个平台可以用作港口和火车站。如果建造高出海面的高大烟囱，隧道的通风就会很好。1860年，一个叫威廉·洛的英国人提出了一个更好的计划。他建议建造一条双轨铁路隧道。这将解决通风问题，因为如果一列火车开进隧道，它就会把新鲜空气带进来。42年之后，隧道才真正开始动工。如果不是当时英国人害怕入侵，这条隧道早就建成了。全世界不得不又等了将近100年才等到海峡隧道的建成。它于1994年3月7日正式开通，最终把英国和欧洲大陆连接了起来。

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 英吉利海峡隧道的历史
- 1858年：法国工程师提出计划
- 1860年：英国人改进方案
- 1902年前后：隧道实际动工
- 1994年：正式开通
- 前后历时130多年——反映了政治因素对工程的影响

### 2. "would draw in fresh air behind it" 的原理
- 火车在隧道中行驶时，会在身后形成负压
- 负压会将隧道外的新鲜空气吸入
- 这是一种自然的通风方式

### 3. 虚拟语气的现实意义
- 英国人害怕法国通过隧道入侵
- 这是一种政治考虑，而非技术问题
- 虚拟语气表达了"如果不是因为这个原因，早就完成了"的遗憾

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 虚拟语气练习
- 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
- suggest 后的虚拟语气

### 2. 词汇运用
- serve as / put forward / draw in / connect...to... 的用法

### 3. 写作练习
- 用虚拟语气写一段关于"如果……就会……"的文字

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 虚拟语气（与过去事实相反的条件句、suggest后的宾语从句虚拟、与现在/将来相反的假设） |
| **重点词汇** | 13个（tunnel, port, ventilate, ventilation, chimney, sea level, double, fear, invasion, officially, connect, European, continent） |
| **重点短语** | serve as, put forward, draw in, fear invasion, connect...to... |
| **学习难点** | 三种虚拟语气的区分、should的省略 |

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*本课核心是虚拟语气，需重点掌握与过去事实相反的条件句结构和suggest后的虚拟用法。*