# Lesson 62 After the fire 大火之后

## 一、课文原文

Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **control** | /kənˈtrəʊl/ | n. | 控制 | under control 在控制之下 |
| **smoke** | /sməʊk/ | n. | 烟 | smoke rose up 烟升起来 |
| **desolate** | /ˈdesələt/ | adj. | 荒凉的 | desolate hills 荒凉的山丘 |
| **threaten** | /ˈθretn/ | v. | 威胁 | threaten sb. with sth. 用某事威胁某人 |
| **surrounding** | /səˈraʊndɪŋ/ | adj. | 周围的 | surrounding villages 周围的村庄 |
| **destruction** | /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ | n. | 破坏，毁灭 | destroy(v.) → destruction(n.) |
| **flood** | /flʌd/ | n. | 洪水，水灾 | cause floods 引起水灾 |
| **authority** | /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ | n. | 当局 | 常用复数 authorities |
| **grass-seed** | /ˈɡrɑːs-siːd/ | n. | 草籽 | grass + seed |
| **spray** | /spreɪ/ | v. | 喷撒 | spray over 喷撒在……上 |
| **quantity** | /ˈkwɒntəti/ | n. | 量 | in huge quantities 大量地 |
| **root** | /ruːt/ | n. | 根 | take root 生根 |
| **century** | /ˈsentʃəri/ | n. | 世纪 | for centuries 几个世纪 |
| **patch** | /pætʃ/ | n. | 小片 | patches of green 一片片绿色 |
| **blacken** | /ˈblækən/ | v. | 变黑，发暗 | black + en（动词后缀） |

### 词汇拓展

**1. threaten 的搭配**
- threaten sb. with sth. 用……威胁某人
- threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事
- threat n. 威胁

**2. quantity 的搭配**
- in large/huge quantities 大量地
- a quantity of + 不可数名词/可数名词复数
- quantities of + 不可数名词/可数名词复数

**3. -en 动词后缀**
- black → blacken 变黑
- wide → widen 加宽
- short → shorten 缩短
- dark → darken 变暗

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 过去完成进行时

> Firemen **had been fighting** the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.

- 结构：had been + doing
- 用法：表示在过去某个时间点之前一直持续进行的动作
- 强调动作的持续性和进行性

| 时态 | 结构 | 侧重点 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 过去完成时 | had done | 动作已完成 | They had put out the fire. |
| 过去完成进行时 | had been doing | 动作持续进行 | They had been fighting the fire. |

### 2. 过去完成时

> Great trees **had covered** the countryside for miles around.
> The fire **had at last been put out**.

- 表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作
- "过去的过去"

### 3. not only...but...as well

> Heavy rain would **not only** wash away the soil **but** would cause serious floods **as well**.

- 意为"不仅……而且……"
- 相当于 not only...but also...
- as well 置于句末

### 4. for 引导原因状语从句

> ...**for** heavy rain would not only wash away the soil...

- for 是并列连词，引导原因状语从句
- 表示补充说明原因
- 不能位于句首

| 连词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| because | 直接原因 | I stayed because it rained. |
| for | 补充原因 | It must have rained, for the ground is wet. |
| since/as | 已知原因 | Since you're tired, let's rest. |

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. 固定搭配

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| **under control** | 在控制之下 | get it under control |
| **for miles around** | 方圆数英里 | great trees had covered the countryside for miles around |
| **come on** | 开始，来临 | Winter was coming on. |
| **threaten with** | 以……威胁 | threatened the villages with destruction |
| **wash away** | 冲走 | wash away the soil |
| **not only...but...as well** | 不仅……而且 | not only wash away...but cause floods as well |
| **in huge quantities** | 大量地 | sprayed in huge quantities |
| **take root** | 生根 | the grass had already taken root |
| **in place of** | 代替 | In place of the great trees |

### 2. before 的用法

> Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks **before** they could get it under control.

- before 此处意为"才"
- 表示经过长时间之后才达到某种结果

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## 五、课文翻译

消防队员们花了将近三个星期才控制住这场森林大火。不久前，参天大树还覆盖着方圆数英里的乡村。现在，荒凉的山丘上仍然升起缕缕烟雾。冬季即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄构成了毁灭的威胁，因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。当大火终于被扑灭后，森林当局订购了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊草籽。草籽由飞机大量地喷撒在地面上。飞机播撒草籽将近一个月后天才开始下雨。然而到那时，在许多地方草已经生了根。代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树，一片片绿色开始出现在烧焦了的土壤上。

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 课文的结构：由坏到好
- 前半段：大火后的荒凉（烟、威胁、水灾隐患）
- 后半段：修复与希望（种草、生雨、发芽）
- 结尾给人希望：绿色重新出现

### 2. "Winter was coming on" 中的 come on
- come on 这里指季节的来临
- 类似：Night was coming on. 夜幕降临。
- 与口语中"快点"（Come on!）不同

### 3. 被动语态的运用
- The fire had been put out（大火被扑灭）
- The seed was sprayed over the ground（草籽被喷撒）
- 强调动作的承受者，而非施动者

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 时态练习
- 过去完成时 vs. 过去完成进行时
- before 引导的时间状语从句

### 2. 词汇运用
- not only...but...as well 的造句
- in place of / instead of 的用法

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述自然灾害后的恢复过程

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 过去完成进行时、过去完成时、not only...but...as well、for引导原因状语从句 |
| **重点词汇** | 15个（control, smoke, desolate, threaten, surrounding, destruction, flood, authority, grass-seed, spray, quantity, root, century, patch, blacken） |
| **重点短语** | under control, for miles around, come on, wash away, not only...but...as well, in huge quantities, take root, in place of |
| **学习难点** | 过去完成进行时的用法、for与because的区别 |

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*本课核心是过去完成进行时，需重点区分它与过去完成时的差异——前者强调持续，后者强调完成。*