# Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam? 您要买什么，夫人？

## 一、课文原文

A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **madam** | /ˈmædəm/ | n. | 太太，夫人 | 对妇女的尊称 |
| **jeans** | /dʒiːnz/ | n. | 牛仔裤 | 常用复数；a pair of jeans |
| **hesitate** | /ˈhezɪteɪt/ | v. | 犹豫，迟疑 | hesitation n. |
| **serve** | /sɜːv/ | v. | 接待（顾客） | serve sb. 为某人服务 |
| **scornfully** | /ˈskɔːnfəli/ | adv. | 轻蔑地 | scorn(n.轻蔑) + ful + ly |
| **punish** | /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ | v. | 惩罚 | punishment n. |
| **fur** | /fɜː/ | n. | 裘皮 | a fur coat 裘皮大衣 |
| **eager** | /ˈiːɡə/ | adj. | 热切的，热情的 | be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 |
| **seek** | /siːk/ | v. | 寻找 | 过去式 sought；seek out 找出 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. hesitate 的派生词**
- hesitate v. 犹豫
- hesitation n. 犹豫
- hesitating adj. 犹豫的
- without hesitation 毫不犹豫

**2. serve 的搭配**
- serve sb. 为某人服务/接待某人
- serve as 充当
- service n. 服务

**3. eager vs. anxious**

| 词 | 含义 | 搭配 |
|---|---|---|
| eager | 渴望的（积极） | be eager to do sth. |
| anxious | 焦虑的（消极） | be anxious about sth. |

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 介词复习

| 介词短语 | 含义 | 课文中例句 |
|---|---|---|
| **in jeans** | 穿着牛仔裤 | A woman in jeans |
| **at the window** | 在橱窗旁 | stood at the window |
| **in the window** | 在橱窗里 | a dress that was in the window |
| **in a fur coat** | 穿着裘皮大衣 | dressed in a fur coat |
| **with a handbag in one hand** | 一手拿着手提包 | with复合结构 |
| **with great difficulty** | 费了很大劲 | With great difficulty, he climbed |

### 2. with 复合结构

> ...**with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other**.

- 结构：with + 宾语 + 介词短语
- 作伴随状语，描述主语的状态

| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| with + 名词 + 介词短语 | with a book in his hand |
| with + 名词 + 形容词 | with the door open |
| with + 名词 + 副词 | with the light on |

### 3. 现在分词的否定形式作状语

> **Not realizing who she was**, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.

- 结构：Not + 现在分词
- 作原因状语，表示"没有认出她是谁"
- 相当于：Because he did not realize who she was

### 4. make sb. do sth.

> She enjoyed herself **making the assistant bring** almost everything in the window.

- make + 宾语 + 不带to的不定式
- 使役动词后接省略to的不定式

| 使役动词 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| make | make sb. do | make him bring |
| let | let sb. do | let me go |
| have | have sb. do | have him wait |

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. 固定搭配

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| **in jeans** | 穿牛仔裤 | A woman in jeans |
| **glance at** | 扫视 | Glancing at her scornfully |
| **walk out of** | 走出 | The woman walked out of the shop. |
| **seek out** | 找出 | After seeking out the rude assistant |
| **ask for** | 要求看/要 | She asked for the same dress. |
| **enjoy oneself** | 玩得开心 | She enjoyed herself making... |

### 2. the way + 定语从句

> The assistant did not like **the way she was dressed**.

- the way 后面的定语从句可以省略 that/in which
- 完整：the way that/in which she was dressed

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## 五、课文翻译

一位穿着牛仔裤的妇女站在一家高档商店的橱窗前。虽然她犹豫了片刻，但最终还是走了进去，要求看一件陈列在橱窗里的衣服。接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那身打扮。他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她那件衣服已经卖掉了。这位妇女气愤地走出了商店，决定第二天惩罚一下这个售货员。第二天上午，她穿着一件裘皮大衣回到了那家商店，一手提着手提包，另一手拿着一把长伞。她找到了那个无礼的售货员后，要求看同一件衣服。售货员没有认出她是谁，这次很殷勤地接待了她。他费了好大劲才爬进橱窗去取那件衣服。这位妇女一看到衣服就说她不喜欢。她开心地让售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来，最后才买下了她最初要看的那件衣服。

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 以貌取人的社会现象
- 售货员以穿着判断顾客：穿牛仔裤→轻蔑，穿裘皮→殷勤
- 反映了社会中存在的势利现象

### 2. 妇女的智慧报复
- 第二天换装返回，让售货员忙前忙后
- 最后才买最初要看的那件衣服——"以其人之道还治其人之身"

### 3. "Can I help you, madam?" 的讽刺
- 这是售货员的标准用语
- 但第一天售货员根本没说这句话——他根本不想为她服务

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 介词练习
- in + 衣物表示穿着
- with 复合结构的运用

### 2. 语法练习
- 现在分词否定形式作状语
- make sb. do sth. 使役结构

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一个关于"以貌取人"的小故事

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 介词复习（in+衣物, with复合结构）、现在分词否定形式作状语、make sb. do |
| **重点词汇** | 9个（madam, jeans, hesitate, serve, scornfully, punish, fur, eager, seek） |
| **重点短语** | in jeans, glance at, walk out of, seek out, ask for, enjoy oneself |
| **学习难点** | with复合结构、现在分词否定形式、the way+定语从句 |

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*本课核心是介词的复习，需重点掌握in+衣物表示穿着和with复合结构的用法。*