# Lesson 51 Reward for virtue 对美德的奖赏

## 一、课文原文

My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **reward** | /rɪˈwɔːd/ | n./v. | 报偿；奖赏 | reward sb. for sth. 因某事奖赏某人 |
| **virtue** | /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ | n. | 美德 | 标题用反讽：节食是"美德" |
| **diet** | /ˈdaɪət/ | n. | 节食 | go on a diet 节食 |
| **forbid** | /fəˈbɪd/ | v. | 禁止 | 过去式 forbade，过去分词 forbidden |
| **hurriedly** | /ˈhʌrɪdli/ | adv. | 匆忙地 | 形容词 hurried + ly |
| **embarrass** | /ɪmˈbærəs/ | v. | 使尴尬 | embarrassed 感到尴尬的；embarrassing 令人尴尬的 |
| **guiltily** | /ˈɡɪltɪli/ | adv. | 内疚地 | 形容词 guilty + ly |
| **strict** | /strɪkt/ | adj. | 严格的 | be strict with sb. 对某人严格 |
| **occasionally** | /əˈkeɪʒənəli/ | adv. | 偶尔地 | occasional + ly |
| **parcel** | /ˈpɑːsl/ | n. | 包裹 | 同义词 package |

### 词汇拓展

**1. forbid 的搭配**
- forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
- forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
- Smoking is forbidden here. 此处禁止吸烟。

**2. embarrass 派生词**

| 词 | 词性 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| embarrass | v. | 使尴尬 |
| embarrassed | adj. | 感到尴尬的（修饰人） |
| embarrassing | adj. | 令人尴尬的（修饰物） |
| embarrassment | n. | 尴尬 |

**3. strict 的搭配**
- be strict with sb. 对某人严格
- be strict about sth. 对某事严格
- a strict diet 严格的饮食控制

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. so...that... 结果状语从句

> Things got **so bad** recently **that** he decided to go on a diet.
> His diet was **so strict** **that** he had to reward himself occasionally.

- 结构：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句
- 表示"如此……以至于……"

| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| so + adj. + that | He was so tired that he fell asleep. |
| so + adv. + that | He ran so fast that nobody could catch him. |

### 2. as...as ever 同级比较的省略结构

> Hugh was still **as fat as ever**.

- as ever = as he ever was 的省略形式
- 表示"和以往一样"

### 3. It is + adj. + that从句（形式主语）

> **It was obvious that** he was very embarrassed.

- it 是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语
- 避免头重脚轻

| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| It is obvious that... | 显然…… |
| It is clear that... | 很清楚…… |
| It is important that... | 重要的是…… |

### 4. 一般过去时复习

课文使用一般过去时叙述过去发生的事情：
- He **began** his diet a week ago.
- He **wrote out** a long list.
- I **paid** him a visit yesterday.

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. 固定搭配

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| **go on a diet** | 节食 | He decided to go on a diet. |
| **first of all** | 首先 | First of all, he wrote out a list. |
| **write out** | 写出，开列 | He wrote out a long list. |
| **pay sb. a visit** | 拜访某人 | Yesterday I paid him a visit. |
| **as...as ever** | 和以往一样 | Hugh was still as fat as ever. |

### 2. 句型转换

**直接引语转间接引语**：
- "I have to reward myself occasionally." → He explained that he had to reward himself occasionally.

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## 五、课文翻译

我的朋友休一直很胖，但是近来情况变得如此糟糕，以至于他决定节食。他是一星期前开始节食的。首先，他开列了一张长长的禁食食物单子。这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢的：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。昨天我去看望了他。我按了门铃，看到休仍然和以往一样胖，并不感到惊讶。他把我领进房间，慌忙把一个大包藏到了书桌底下。显然他感到很尴尬。当我问他在干什么时，他内疚地笑了笑，然后把那个包放到书桌上。他解释说他的饮食节制得太严格了，以至于不得不偶尔犒劳犒劳自己。然后他给我看了包里的东西。里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果！

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 标题的反讽
- "Reward for virtue" — 对美德的奖赏
- 将节食视为"美德"，但休因为坚持"美德"而给自己奖赏（吃巧克力和糖果）
- 形成讽刺：所谓的"美德"反而导致更多贪食

### 2. "things got so bad" 中的 get
- get 作系动词，相当于 become
- 表示状态的变化："情况变得如此糟糕"

### 3. "contained" vs. "included"
- contain：包含（内容物）——The parcel contained chocolate.
- include：包括（罗列）——The list included most of the things Hugh loves.

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 句型练习
- so...that... 结果状语从句造句
- as...as 同级比较结构

### 2. 词汇运用
- forbid/forbade/forbidden 的变化
- embarrass 派生词辨析
- pay a visit / visit 的区别

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一篇关于"决心与诱惑"的小故事（使用so...that结构）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 一般过去时复习、so...that结果状语从句、as...as同级比较、It is+adj.+that从句 |
| **重点词汇** | 10个（reward, virtue, diet, forbid, hurriedly, embarrass, guiltily, strict, occasionally, parcel） |
| **重点短语** | go on a diet, first of all, write out, pay sb. a visit, as...as ever |
| **学习难点** | so...that与such...that区别、embarrassed/embarrassing辨析 |

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*本课复习一般过去时，重点掌握so...that结果状语从句和形式主语it的用法。*