# Lesson 45 A clear conscience 问心无愧

## 一、课文原文

The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!' Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: 'Only 25 per cent a thief now!' In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. The last note said: 'I am 100 per cent honest now!'

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **conscience** | /ˈkɒnʃəns/ | n. | 良心，道德心 | a clear conscience 问心无愧 |
| **clear** | /klɪə/ | adj. | 无罪的，不亏心的 | 也可表示"清楚的" |
| **wallet** | /ˈwɒlɪt/ | n. | 皮夹，钱夹 | purse 女士钱包 |
| **savings** | /ˈseɪvɪŋz/ | n. | 存款 | savings account 储蓄账户 |
| **villager** | /ˈvɪlɪdʒə/ | n. | 村民 | village 村庄 + er |
| **per cent** | /pəˈsent/ | — | 百分之 | 50 per cent 百分之五十 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. 被动语态复习（本课重点）**

| 时态 | 被动形式 | 课文例句 |
|------|----------|----------|
| 过去完成时被动 | had been + done | a large sum of money had been lost |
| 过去完成时被动 | had been + done | it had been wrapped up |
| 一般过去时被动 | was/were + done | it was not returned |
| 一般过去时被动 | was/were + done | some more money was sent |
| 情态动词被动 | must have been + done | must have been found |

**2. conscience 的相关表达**

| 表达 | 含义 |
|------|------|
| a clear conscience | 问心无愧 |
| a guilty conscience | 心中有愧 |
| on one's conscience | 使人内疚 |
| conscience-stricken | 良心不安的 |

**3. must have done 一定做了（对过去的推测）**

> The wallet **must have been found** by one of the villagers.

| 推测 | 结构 | 含义 |
|------|------|------|
| 肯定推测 | must have done | 一定做了 |
| 否定推测 | can't have done | 不可能做了 |
| 可能推测 | may/might have done | 可能做了 |

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 被动语态复习

本课核心语法：**被动语态的多种时态**

**被动语态的构成**：be + 过去分词

| 时态 | 被动形式 | 例句 |
|------|----------|------|
| 一般现在时 | am/is/are + done | English is spoken here. |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done | The wallet was not returned. |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been + done | The work has been finished. |
| 过去完成时 | had been + done | The money had been lost. |
| 情态动词 | 情态动词 + be + done | The wallet must have been found. |
| 现在进行时 | am/is/are being + done | The house is being painted. |

**课文中的被动语态**：

> a large sum of money **had been lost**（过去完成时被动）
> it **was not returned** to him（一般过去时被动）
> it **had been wrapped up** in newspaper（过去完成时被动）
> some more money **was sent** to Sam（一般过去时被动）
> all Sam's money **was paid back**（一般过去时被动）
> the wallet **must have been found**（情态动词被动）

### 2. must have done 对过去的肯定推测

> The wallet **must have been found** by one of the villagers.

must have done = 一定做了（表示对过去事情的肯定推测）

| 推测程度 | 结构 | 例句 |
|----------|------|------|
| 很肯定 | must have done | He must have been tired. |
| 不可能 | can't have done | He can't have done it. |
| 可能 | may have done | He may have left. |
| 也许 | might have done | She might have forgotten. |

### 3. while + 现在分词

> ...while **taking** his savings to the post office.

= while he was taking his savings to the post office

while + doing = while + 主语 + be + doing（主语与主句相同时可省略）

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. a large sum of money 一大笔钱

> The whole village soon learnt that **a large sum of money had been lost**.

a large sum of + 不可数名词

### 2. together with 连同

> ...together with a note which said...

together with = along with 连同，和……一起

### 3. in time 最终，迟早

> **In time**, all Sam's money was paid back.

in time 有两种含义：
- 及时：We arrived in time.
- 最终，迟早（本课）：In time, you'll understand.

### 4. in this way 用这种方式

> All Sam's money was paid back **in this way**.

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## 五、课文翻译

整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。当地的屠户萨姆·本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了。萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了，可是却不见有人来送还给他。3个月过去了，后来在一天早晨，萨姆在自己的大门外发现了他的钱包。钱包是用报纸包着的，里面有他丢失的钱的一半，而且还附着一张纸条，上面写着："一个小偷，是的，但只是一个50％的小偷！"又过了两个月，又有一些钱送还给了萨姆，又附了一张字条："这回只是25％的小偷了！"很快，萨姆全部的钱都用同样的方式还了回来。最后的那张字条上写道："我现在是一个100％的诚实人了！"

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. "50%小偷"的幽默

偷钱的人逐渐归还，从"50%小偷"到"25%小偷"再到"100%诚实人"，这个递减过程既幽默又感人——良心的谴责让小偷一步步"改过自新"。

### 2. 标题 "A clear conscience"

标题既指小偷最终"问心无愧"（归还了所有钱），也指 Sam 最终得到了公正——虽然过程曲折。

### 3. 村庄的社区性

"整个村子很快知道了"——在小村庄里，没有秘密可言。这也解释了为什么小偷会感到良心不安——大家可能都猜到了是谁。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- 被动语态各时态的构成与转换
- must have done / can't have done / may have done 的推测用法

### 2. 词汇练习
- conscience 的相关表达
- a large sum of 的搭配

### 3. 写作练习
- 用被动语态叙述一个事件（80词左右）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 被动语态复习（多种时态）、must have done 对过去的推测 |
| **重点词汇** | 6个（conscience, clear, wallet, savings, villager, per cent） |
| **重点短语** | a large sum of, together with, in time, in this way, must have done |
| **学习难点** | 情态动词的被动语态、must/can't/may have done 推测的区分 |

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*本课通过"良心发现"的故事复习被动语态。课文温馨幽默，小偷从"50%小偷"到"100%诚实人"的转变令人会心一笑。同时学习了 must have done 对过去的推测。*