# Lesson 31 Success story 成功者的故事

## 一、课文原文

Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **retire** | /rɪˈtaɪə/ | v. | 退休 | retirement n. 退休；retired adj. 退休的 |
| **company** | /ˈkʌmpəni/ | n. | 公司 | business company 商业公司 |
| **workshop** | /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ | n. | 车间，作坊 | work + shop |
| **helper** | /ˈhelpə/ | n. | 帮手，助手 | help + er |
| **employ** | /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ | v. | 雇佣 | employer 雇主；employee 雇员 |
| **save** | /seɪv/ | v. | 积蓄，储存 | save money 存钱；也可表示"拯救" |
| **bicycle** | /ˈbaɪsɪkəl/ | n. | 自行车 | 口语中常用 bike |
| **grandson** | /ˈɡrænsʌn/ | n. | 孙子 | grand- 前缀表"隔一代的" |
| **repair** | /rɪˈpeə/ | v. | 修理 | repair = fix = mend |

### 词汇拓展

**1. used to do 的用法**

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| used to do | 过去经常做（现在不做了） | He used to work 14 hours a day. |
| be used to doing | 习惯于做 | He is used to working hard. |
| be used to do | 被用来做 | Wood is used to make paper. |

**2. employ 的词族**

| 词 | 词性 | 含义 |
|----|------|------|
| employ | v. | 雇佣 |
| employer | n. | 雇主 |
| employee | n. | 雇员 |
| employment | n. | 雇佣，就业 |
| unemployment | n. | 失业 |

**3. in one's twenties 在某人二十多岁时**

| 表达 | 含义 |
|------|------|
| in one's teens | 十几岁时 |
| in one's twenties | 二十多岁时 |
| in one's thirties | 三十多岁时 |

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. used to do 过去常常

> He **used to work** in a small shop.
> He **used to work** fourteen hours a day.
> He **used to make** spare parts for aeroplanes.

**结构**：used to + 动词原形

**用法**：表示过去经常做某事，但现在已经不再做了。

**否定形式**：
- used not to do / usedn't to do
- did not use to do / didn't use to do

**疑问形式**：
- Used he to work hard?
- Did he use to work hard?

**used to do vs would**：

| 区别 | used to do | would |
|------|------------|-------|
| 含义 | 过去常做（暗示现在不做了） | 过去常做（回忆过去） |
| 状态动词 | 可搭配（used to be） | 不可搭配 |
| 与现在对比 | 强调 | 不强调 |

### 2. 过去完成时（初步）

> In a few years the small workshop **had become** a large factory.

had become 发生在 "smiled" 之前，即"过去的过去"。

| 时间线 | 事件 | 时态 |
|--------|------|------|
| 过去更早 | workshop had become a factory | 过去完成时 |
| 过去 | Frank smiled | 一般过去时 |

### 3. It was his job to do sth. 做某事是他的工作

> **It was his job to repair** bicycles.

It 为形式主语，真正的主语是 to repair bicycles。

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. of his own 他自己的

> He bought a small workshop **of his own**.

of one's own = 属于自己的

### 2. the long road to success 漫长的成功之路

> He remembered his hard early years and **the long road to success**.

"road to success" 是隐喻，将成功比作一条漫长的路。

### 3. He was still smiling when... 他正笑着的时候……

> He **was still smiling when** the door opened and his wife came in.

过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时，表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生。

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## 五、课文翻译

昨天下午弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。在退休前，弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理，但他小时候却在一家小铺里做工。他那时的工作是修理自行车，并且通常是一天工作14个小时。他靠多年积蓄，于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。20多岁的时候，弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件。那时他有两个帮手。几年之后，小铺子已经发展成了一个雇有728人的大工厂。弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路，微笑了。他正笑着的时候门开了，他的妻子走了进来。她叫他去修理孙子的自行车！

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 课文结尾的幽默

Frank 从修自行车的少年成长为雇有728人的大工厂老板，正沉浸在成功的回忆中微笑时，妻子却叫他修孙子的自行车——仿佛又回到了起点。这种首尾呼应的幽默令人莞尔。

### 2. used to 的时间对比

课文用 used to 反复强调"过去经常做但现在不做了"，与 Frank 现在的身份（大公司老板）形成对比，凸显了他的奋斗历程。

### 3. from bicycle to bicycle

修自行车 → 生产飞机零件 → 经营大公司 → 又回到修自行车。这个循环结构构成了故事的趣味性。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语法练习
- used to do 的肯定、否定、疑问句转换
- used to do / be used to doing / be used to do 的辨析

### 2. 词汇练习
- employ / employer / employee 词族
- in one's twenties 表达

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一篇人物传记（描述某人从困难到成功的经历，80词左右）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | used to do（过去常常）、过去完成时（初步）、It is one's job to do |
| **重点词汇** | 9个（retire, company, workshop, helper, employ, save, bicycle, grandson, repair） |
| **重点短语** | used to do, of one's own, in one's twenties, the long road to success |
| **学习难点** | used to do / be used to doing / be used to do 的区别、过去完成时的理解 |

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*本课通过 Frank 的成功故事学习 used to do 的用法，课文的幽默结尾——从修自行车到修自行车——令人回味无穷。*