# Lesson 20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟

## 一、课文原文

Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything — not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **catch** | /kætʃ/ | v. | 抓到 | 过去式/过去分词 caught；catch fish 钓鱼 |
| **waste** | /weɪst/ | n. | 浪费 | a waste of time 浪费时间；waste v. 浪费 |
| **fisherman** | /ˈfɪʃəmən/ | n. | 钓鱼人，渔民 | 复数 fishermen |
| **realize** | /ˈrɪəlaɪz/ | v. | 意识到 | realize + that 从句；realize one's dream 实现梦想 |
| **boot** | /buːt/ | n. | 靴子 | a pair of boots 一双靴子 |
| **rubbish** | /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ | n. | 垃圾，废物 | 同义词 garbage（美式），trash |

### 词汇拓展

**1. catch 的多种含义**
- 钓到/抓住：catch fish / catch a ball
- 赶上：catch the bus 赶上公交车
- 感染：catch a cold 感冒
- 理解：catch the meaning 理解含义

**2. waste 的用法**
- n. 浪费：a waste of time / money
- v. 浪费：Don't waste your time.
- adj. 废弃的：waste paper 废纸

**3. instead of 而不是**
- instead of + 名词/动名词
- Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots.
- Instead of driving, I walked.

**4. give up 放弃**
- give up + 名词/动名词
- give up smoking 戒烟
- give up fishing 放弃钓鱼
- give up hope 放弃希望

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 动名词（Gerund）

**构成**：动词 + -ing

**用法**：动名词具有名词性质，可在句中充当主语、宾语等

| 句法功能 | 课文例句 |
|----------|----------|
| 作主语 | **Fishing** is my favourite sport. |
| 作介词宾语 | ...without **catching** anything. |
| 作介词宾语 | Instead of **catching** fish... |
| 作介词宾语 | After **having spent** whole mornings... |
| 作介词宾语 | ...interested in **sitting** in a boat... |
| 作介词宾语 | ...and **doing** nothing at all. |

### 2. 动名词作主语

> **Fishing** is my favourite sport.

动名词作主语时，谓语用单数：
- Swimming is good exercise.
- Reading books broadens your mind.

### 3. 动名词作介词宾语

介词后接动名词（不能接不定式）：

| 介词 | 例句 |
|------|------|
| without | without catching anything |
| instead of | instead of catching fish |
| after | after having spent... |
| in | interested in sitting |
| by | by working hard |

### 4. 完成式动名词

> After **having spent** whole mornings on the river...

having done 表示动名词的动作发生在主句动作之前：
- After having finished his homework, he went out.
- He was praised for having saved the child.

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. without doing 没有……

> ...without **catching** anything.

without + 动名词：没有做……
- He left without saying goodbye.
- She passed the exam without studying hard.

### 2. instead of doing 而不是做……

> **Instead of** catching fish, they catch old boots.

instead of + 动名词：而不是做……
- Instead of complaining, he worked harder.
- Instead of driving, she walks to work.

### 3. be interested in 对……感兴趣

> I'm not really **interested in fishing**.
> I am only **interested in sitting** in a boat.

be interested in + 名词/动名词
- She is interested in reading novels.
- Are you interested in learning English?

### 4. not...at all 一点也不

> ...and doing nothing **at all**!

not...at all 一点也不（加强否定）：
- I don't like it at all. 我一点也不喜欢。
- He is not tired at all. 他一点也不累。

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## 五、课文翻译

钓鱼是我最喜欢的运动。我经常一钓几个小时什么也钓不到。但这并不使我烦恼。有些钓鱼的人不够走运。他们钓不到鱼，却钓到了旧靴子和垃圾。我更加不走运。我什么也钓不到——甚至连旧靴子也钓不到。在河边消磨了整整一个上午之后，我总是空着包回家。"你别再钓鱼了！"我的朋友们说，"这是浪费时间。"但他们没有意识到一个重要的事情。我并不是真的对钓鱼感兴趣，我只对坐在船上无所事事感兴趣！

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 文章的幽默

全文看似在讲钓鱼的"不幸"，但结尾揭示了真正的爱好不是钓鱼，而是坐在船上发呆。这种"醉翁之意不在酒"的幽默是典型的英式幽默。

### 2. even less lucky 更加不走运

> I am **even less lucky**.

less lucky = not as lucky（不如……走运）
even 修饰比较级，表示"更加"：
- even better 更好
- even worse 更糟

### 3. not even old boots 甚至连旧靴子也钓不到

not even 表示"甚至连……都不"，加强否定语气：
- I have not even a penny. 我连一分钱都没有。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 动名词练习
- 动名词作主语/宾语识别
- 介词后接动名词填空
- 完成式动名词

### 2. 词汇练习
- instead of / without + 动名词造句
- give up + 动名词
- be interested in + 动名词

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述自己的一项爱好（使用动名词作主语和宾语）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 动名词（作主语、介词宾语）、完成式动名词 |
| **重点词汇** | 6个（catch, waste, fisherman, realize, boot, rubbish） |
| **重点短语** | instead of, give up, be interested in, without doing, not...at all, a waste of time |
| **学习难点** | 动名词的句法功能、介词后接动名词、完成式动名词 |

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*本课是动名词的核心课文，需重点掌握动名词作主语和介词宾语的用法。*