# Lesson 17 Always young 青春常驻

## 一、课文原文

My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!'

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **appear** | /əˈpɪə/ | v. | 登场，扮演；出现 | appear on the stage 登台演出 |
| **stage** | /steɪdʒ/ | n. | 舞台 | on the stage 在舞台上 |
| **bright** | /braɪt/ | adj. | 鲜艳的；明亮的 | bright red 鲜红；bright future 光明的未来 |
| **stocking** | /ˈstɒkɪŋ/ | n. | 长筒袜 | 区别：sock 短袜 |
| **sock** | /sɒk/ | n. | 短袜 | a pair of socks 一双短袜 |
| **grown-up** | /ˈɡrəʊn ʌp/ | adj./n. | 成年的；成年人 | be grown up 长大了 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. appear 的用法**
- v. 出现：A rainbow appeared in the sky.
- v. 登台：She appears on the stage.
- v. 似乎：She appears to be young.（= seems）

**2. stocking vs. sock**

| 词 | 含义 | 特点 |
|----|------|------|
| stocking | 长筒袜 | 到膝盖以上 |
| sock | 短袜 | 到脚踝附近 |

**3. bright 的多种含义**
- 鲜艳的：bright red 鲜红
- 明亮的：bright sunlight 明亮的阳光
- 聪明的：a bright child 聪明的孩子

**4. in spite of 尽管**
- in spite of + 名词/动名词 = despite
- In spite of her age, she looks young.
- In spite of the rain, we went out.

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 情态动词 must

must 有三种主要用法：

| 用法 | 含义 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| 推测（肯定） | 一定是 | She **must be** at least thirty-five. |
| 义务（必须） | 必须 | She **must appear** in a bright red dress. |
| 推测（肯定） | 一定是 | It **must be** terrible to be grown up. |

### 2. must vs. have to

| 情态动词 | 含义 | 时态 | 否定形式 | 例句 |
|----------|------|------|----------|------|
| must | 必须（主观） | 只有现在时 | mustn't（禁止） | I must go now. |
| have to | 不得不（客观） | 各种时态 | don't have to（不必） | I had to leave early. |

**课文对比**：
> She **must** be at least thirty-five.（推测：一定是）
> Jennifer **will have to** take part in a new play.（将来：将不得不）
> She **had to** wear short socks.（过去：不得不）

### 3. in + 衣服 穿着

> She must appear **in a bright red dress**.

in + 颜色/衣服：穿着……
- The girl in red 穿红衣服的女孩
- a man in a suit 穿西装的男人
- in uniform 穿制服

### 4. orange-coloured 橘红色的

名词 + coloured 构成复合形容词：
- orange-coloured 橘红色的
- cream-coloured 米色的
- flesh-coloured 肉色的

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. at least 至少

> She **must be at least** thirty-five years old.

at least 表示数量上的最低估计：
- at least 30 people 至少30人
- at least once 至少一次

### 2. take part in 参加

> Jennifer **will have to take part in** a new play.

take part in + 活动/比赛
- take part in a play 参加一部戏的演出
- take part in a race 参加比赛

### 3. It must be terrible to be grown up!

> **It must be terrible to be grown up!**

- It 作形式主语，真正的主语是 to be grown up
- must be 表示推测：一定是……
- grown up 作表语：长大成人

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## 五、课文翻译

我的姑姑詹妮弗是个女演员。她至少也有35岁了。尽管如此，她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。詹妮弗很快又要参加一部新戏的演出了。这一次，她将扮演一个17岁的少女。演出中她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。去年在另一出戏里，她不得不穿短袜和一件橘红色的裙子。如果有人问她多大年纪，她总是回答："亲爱的，长成大人真可怕！"

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 女演员不愿透露年龄

在西方文化中，女性（尤其是女演员）通常不愿透露自己的年龄，这在英美文化中是一种普遍现象。詹妮弗用"长成大人真可怕"来回避年龄问题，既幽默又得体。

### 2. Darling 的用法

Darling 是一种亲昵的称呼，多用于亲密关系之间：
- 夫妻之间
- 父母对孩子
- 朋友之间的亲昵称呼

### 3. 舞台上的年龄与真实年龄

詹妮弗35岁以上却常扮演17岁的少女，这在戏剧界很常见。舞台化妆、灯光和表演技巧可以让演员扮演比自己年轻得多的角色。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 情态动词练习
- must / have to / mustn't / don't have to 选择
- must 表推测 vs. must 表义务

### 2. 词汇练习
- appear 的多种含义
- stocking / sock 区别
- in spite of 用法

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述一个有趣的人（使用 must 表推测）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 情态动词 must（推测/义务）、must vs. have to |
| **重点词汇** | 6个（appear, stage, bright, stocking, sock, grown-up） |
| **重点短语** | in spite of, at least, on the stage, in a bright red dress, take part in |
| **学习难点** | must 的三种用法、must/have to 区别、in+衣服表穿着 |

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*本课核心是 must 的用法，需区分其"推测"和"义务"两种含义，以及 must 和 have to 的区别。*