# Lesson 15 Good news 佳音

## 一、课文原文

The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come.

'Mr. Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.

'Don't interrupt,' he said.

Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **secretary** | /ˈsekrətəri/ | n. | 秘书 | company secretary 公司秘书 |
| **nervous** | /ˈnɜːvəs/ | adj. | 精神紧张的 | be nervous about 对……紧张 |
| **afford** | /əˈfɔːd/ | v. | 负担得起 | can/could afford to do 买得起/承担得起 |
| **weak** | /wiːk/ | adj. | 弱的 | in a weak voice 用微弱的声音 |
| **interrupt** | /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ | v. | 插话，打断 | Don't interrupt! 别打断！ |
| **extra** | /ˈekstrə/ | adj. | 额外的 | extra time 加时赛；extra work 加班 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. afford 的用法**
- can/could afford + 名词：买得起
- can/could afford to do：承担得起做某事
- I can't afford a new car. 我买不起新车。
- The firm could not afford to pay large salaries. 公司付不起这么高的工资。

**2. nervous 的搭配**
- be nervous about sth 对某事感到紧张
- be nervous of sth 害怕某事
- I was nervous about the interview.

**3. weak 的相关词**
- weak adj. 弱的 → weakly adv. 虚弱地
- weakness n. 弱点
- strong adj. 强的（反义词）

**4. voice / sound / noise**

| 词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|----|------|------|
| voice | 嗓音（人声） | in a weak voice |
| sound | 声音（泛指） | I heard a strange sound. |
| noise | 噪音 | Don't make so much noise. |

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 间接引语

**用法**：转述别人的话时，不使用引号，而是用宾语从句来表示

**直接引语 vs. 间接引语**：

| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|----------|----------|
| He said, "Business is very bad." | He said **that business was very bad**. |
| He said, "The firm cannot afford..." | He told me **that the firm could not afford...** |
| He said, "You will receive extra pay." | He told me **I would receive extra pay**. |

### 2. 间接引语的时态变化

当主句为过去时，间接引语的时态需向后退一步：

| 直接引语 | 间接引语 | 变化规则 |
|----------|----------|----------|
| 一般现在时 | 一般过去时 | is → was |
| 一般过去时 | 过去完成时 | was → had been |
| 现在进行时 | 过去进行时 | am doing → was doing |
| 现在完成时 | 过去完成时 | have done → had done |
| 一般将来时 | 过去将来时 | will → would |
| can | could | can → could |

### 3. 课文中的间接引语分析

| 原话（直接引语） | 间接引语 |
|------------------|----------|
| "Business is very bad." | He said that business **was** very bad. |
| "The firm cannot afford..." | He told me that the firm **could** not afford... |
| "You will receive..." | He told me I **would** receive... |

### 4. 祈使句的间接引语

> 'Don't interrupt,' he said.
→ He told me **not to interrupt**.

祈使句变间接引语用 tell/ask sb (not) to do sth。

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. look up 抬头看

> He did not **look up** from his desk when I entered.

look up 的多种含义：
- 抬头看（本课）
- 查阅：look up a word in the dictionary
- 好转：Things are looking up.

### 2. my turn had come 轮到我了

> I knew that **my turn had come**.

turn 在这里表示"轮到的机会"：
- It's your turn. 轮到你了。
- Wait for your turn. 等着轮到你。
- take turns 轮流

### 3. in a weak voice 用微弱的声音

> 'Mr. Harmsworth,' I said **in a weak voice**.

in a...voice 用……的声音：
- in a loud voice 大声地
- in a low voice 低声地
- in a soft voice 温柔地

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## 五、课文翻译

秘书告诉我哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。我走进他的办公室时感到非常紧张。我进去时，他连头也没抬。我坐下之后，他说生意不景气。他告诉我公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支，已经有20人离职了。我知道该轮到我了。

"哈姆斯沃斯先生，"我无力地说。

"别打断我，"他说。

然后他笑了笑，告诉我我将每年额外获得一千镑的收入！

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 文章的转折与幽默

全文营造了一种紧张气氛：老板不抬头、公司裁员、轮到"我"了、"我"用微弱的声音说话——一切都在暗示"我"将被解雇。但结局完全相反："我"不仅没有被解雇，反而加薪了！标题 "Good news"（佳音）点明了故事的结局。

### 2. 英国的职场文化

课文中哈姆斯沃斯先生是老板（可能是公司高管），秘书安排员工与老板见面。老板不抬头、直接说"别打断我"等行为，暗示了他的权威地位。

### 3. an extra thousand pounds

> I would receive **an extra thousand pounds** a year.

extra 意为"额外的"，an extra thousand pounds 即"额外的一千英镑"。这使"我"的年薪增加了1000英镑。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 间接引语练习
- 直接引语变间接引语（时态变化）
- 祈使句的间接引语
- 疑问句的间接引语

### 2. 词汇练习
- afford / nervous / weak 造句
- voice / sound / noise 选择

### 3. 写作练习
- 将一段对话改写为间接引语

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 间接引语（时态变化、祈使句的间接引语） |
| **重点词汇** | 6个（secretary, nervous, afford, weak, interrupt, extra） |
| **重点短语** | look up, afford to do, in a weak voice, my turn had come |
| **学习难点** | 间接引语的时态后退规则、祈使句变间接引语 |

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*本课是间接引语的核心课文，需重点掌握时态后退规则和各种句型转换。*