# Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？

## 一、课文原文

I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, 'Do you speak English?' As I soon learnt, he was English himself!

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **amusing** | /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/ | adj. | 好笑的，有趣的 | amuse v. 逗乐；amused 感到有趣的 |
| **experience** | /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ | n. | 经历 | 可数（经历）/不可数（经验） |
| **wave** | /weɪv/ | v. | 招手 | wave to sb 向某人招手；wave goodbye 挥手告别 |
| **lift** | /lɪft/ | n. | 搭便车 | ask for a lift 要求搭车；give sb a lift 让某人搭车 |
| **reply** | /rɪˈplaɪ/ | v. | 回答 | reply to sb/sth 回复；同义词 answer |
| **language** | /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ | n. | 语言 | in the same language 用同样的语言 |
| **journey** | /ˈdʒɜːni/ | n. | 旅行 | 强调从一地到另一地的行程 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. experience 的两种用法**
- 可数名词：经历（an amusing experience）
- 不可数名词：经验（teaching experience）
- He has rich experience in teaching.

**2. lift 的多种含义**
- n. 搭便车：ask for a lift
- n. 电梯（英式）：take the lift
- v. 举起：lift the box

**3. reply vs. answer**
- reply：较正式，后接 to
- answer：较常用，可直接接宾语
- reply to a letter = answer a letter

**4. journey / trip / travel / voyage**

| 词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|----|------|------|
| journey | 旅程（从A到B） | a long journey |
| trip | 短途旅行 | a business trip |
| travel | 旅行（泛指） | travel abroad |
| voyage | 航海旅行 | a voyage across the Atlantic |

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 过去完成时

**结构**：had + 过去分词

**用法**：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即"过去的过去"

| 课文例句 | 先后关系 |
|----------|----------|
| After I **had left** a village, I drove on. | 先离开村庄，再继续开车 |
| As soon as he **had got** into the car, I said good morning. | 先上车，再打招呼 |
| I **had nearly reached** the town, when the young man suddenly said... | 快到镇上时，他突然说话 |

### 2. 过去完成时的时间标志

| 标志词/句型 | 说明 | 例句 |
|-------------|------|------|
| after | 在……之后 | After I had left... |
| as soon as | 一……就…… | As soon as he had got in... |
| before | 在……之前 | He had left before I arrived. |
| when | 当……时 | I had reached the town when... |
| by the time | 到……时候 | By the time I arrived, he had gone. |

### 3. 过去完成时 vs. 一般过去时

| 时态 | 用法 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| 一般过去时 | 过去发生的动作 | I drove on to the next town. |
| 过去完成时 | 过去某时之前已完成 | After I had left the village... |

**关键区别**：过去完成时强调"先于"另一个过去的动作。

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. ask for a lift 要求搭车

> He **asked me for a lift**.

- ask sb for a lift 向某人要求搭车
- give sb a lift 让某人搭便车

### 2. as soon as 一……就……

> **As soon as** he had got into the car, I said good morning.

as soon as 引导时间状语从句，表示两个动作紧密相连。

### 3. apart from 除了……之外

> **Apart from** a few words, I do not know any French at all.

apart from = except for = besides
- Apart from English, she speaks French.（除英语外，她还会说法语）

### 4. neither of us 我们两个都不

> **Neither of us** spoke during the journey.

neither = not either，表示"两者都不"
- Neither of them is right. 他们两个都不对。

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## 五、课文翻译

去年我有过一次有趣的经历。在我离开法国南部的一个小村庄后，我继续驶向下一个城镇。在路上，一个年轻人向我招手。我停下车，他请求搭车。他一上车，我就用法语向他问好，他也用同样的语言回答。除了几个词外，我根本不会法语。旅途中我们谁也没说话。我几乎快要到镇上时，那个年轻人突然慢慢地说道："你会讲英语吗？"我很快便知道了，他自己就是个英国人！

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 故事的讽刺

"我"用法语跟搭车人打招呼，对方也用法语回答。旅途中两人沉默不语——因为各自都以为对方是法国人。直到快到目的地时，对方用英语问"你会讲英语吗？"才发现两人都是英国人。这种误解造成了旅途中的尴尬沉默。

### 2. drove on 继续开车

> I **drove on** to the next town.

on 在这里是副词，表示"继续"：
- read on 继续读
- walk on 继续走
- go on 继续

### 3. in the south of France 在法国南部

> ...a small village **in the south of France**.

in the south of 在……的南部（在范围之内）
- to the south of 在……的南面（在范围之外）
- on the south of 在……的南边（接壤）

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 时态练习
- 过去完成时 vs. 一般过去时选择
- after / as soon as / before 句型填空

### 2. 词汇练习
- journey / trip / travel / voyage 辨析
- reply / answer 区别
- apart from 用法

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一次旅行中的趣事（使用过去完成时）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 过去完成时（had done，"过去的过去"） |
| **重点词汇** | 7个（amusing, experience, wave, lift, reply, language, journey） |
| **重点短语** | ask for a lift, as soon as, apart from, neither of us, drive on |
| **学习难点** | 过去完成时与一般过去时的区分、apart from 的用法 |

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*本课是过去完成时的核心课文，需重点理解"过去的过去"这一概念。*