# Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来

## 一、课文原文

I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'

---

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **turn** | /tɜːn/ | n. | 行为，举止 | one good turn 善行 |
| **deserve** | /dɪˈzɜːv/ | v. | 应得到，值得 | deserve to do 值得做；deserve sth 应得某物 |
| **lawyer** | /ˈlɔːjə/ | n. | 律师 | law n. 法律；lawyer's office 律师事务所 |
| **bank** | /bæŋk/ | n. | 银行 | work at a bank 在银行工作 |
| **salary** | /ˈsæləri/ | n. | 工资，薪水 | get a good salary 拿高薪 |
| **immediately** | /ɪˈmiːdiətli/ | adv. | 立刻，马上 | 同义词 at once, right away |
| **borrow** | /ˈbɒrəʊ/ | v. | 借入 | borrow sth from sb 向某人借 |
| **lend** | /lend/ | v. | 借出 | lend sb sth = lend sth to sb |

### 词汇拓展

**1. salary / wage / income**

| 词 | 含义 | 特点 |
|----|------|------|
| salary | 薪水 | 固定的月薪/年薪（白领） |
| wage | 工资 | 按周/天支付的（蓝领） |
| income | 收入 | 所有收入的总称 |

**2. pay back / pay for / pay off**

| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| pay back | 偿还 | He never pays it back. |
| pay for | 为……付款 | Pay for my dinner. |
| pay off | 还清 | I've paid off the debt. |

**3. One good turn deserves another**
这是英语谚语，意为"善有善报"或"礼尚往来"。课文中具有讽刺意味——托尼借钱给"我"并非善举，而是因为"我"从未借过他的钱，所以这次"我"该为他的晚餐买单了。

---

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 复习时态

本课综合运用了多种时态，是对前面所学时态的复习。

| 时态 | 结构 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| 过去进行时 | was/were doing | I **was having** dinner. |
| 一般过去时 | did | Tony **worked** in a lawyer's office. |
| 一般现在时 | do/does | He **gets** a good salary. |
| 现在进行时 | am/is/are doing | He **is now working** at a bank. |
| 现在完成时 | have/has done | He **has never borrowed** money from me. |

### 2. 过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时

> I **was having** dinner **when** Tony **came** in.

这个句型表示"正在做某事时，突然发生另一件事"：
- 过去进行时：背景动作（正在进行的）
- 一般过去时：打断动作（突然发生的）

类似例句：
- I was reading when the phone rang.
- She was walking when it started to rain.

### 3. while 引导的时间状语从句

> **While** he **was eating**, I **asked** him to lend me twenty pounds.

while 强调两个动作同时进行，主句和从句的动作在时间上重叠。

---

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. ask sb to do sth 请某人做某事

> I **asked him to lend** me twenty pounds.

类似结构：
- tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
- allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
- want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事

### 2. to one's surprise 使某人吃惊

> **To my surprise**, he gave me the money immediately.

类似结构：
- to my joy 使我高兴
- to my disappointment 使我失望

### 3. pay for 为……付款

> You can **pay for** my dinner.

pay for + 名词：为……付钱
pay + 金额 + for + 名词：花了多少钱买某物
- I paid £20 for the book.

---

## 五、课文翻译

我正在一家饭馆吃饭，托尼·斯蒂尔走了进来。托尼曾在一家律师事务所工作，而现在他在一家银行上班。他的薪水很高，但他总是向朋友借钱，并且从来不还。托尼看见了我，就走过来和我坐在同一张桌子旁。他从未向我借过钱。当他吃饭时，我向他借20英镑。令我惊奇的是，他立刻把钱给了我。"我从未向你借过钱，"托尼说，"所以现在你可以替我付晚饭钱了！"

---

## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 故事的反转

"我"以为托尼借钱给自己是出于好意，没想到托尼的真实目的是让"我"付他的晚餐费。这个反转呼应了标题"礼尚往来"——但含义已经发生了变化。

### 2. 英国的银行工作

在英国，银行职员（bank clerk/officer）是受人尊敬的职业，薪水较高。托尼在银行工作拿高薪却总向朋友借钱不还，说明他是个吝啬的人。

### 3. came and sat

> Tony saw me and **came and sat** at the same table.

三个动词（saw, came, sat）连用，表示一系列连续的动作，中间用 and 连接。

---

## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 时态综合练习
- 根据语境选择正确的时态
- 过去进行时 + when 句型转换

### 2. 词汇练习
- borrow / lend 区别
- pay for / pay back / pay off 选择填空
- salary / wage / income 辨析

### 3. 写作练习
- 写一个有趣的小故事（综合运用多种时态）

---

## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 复习时态（一般现在/过去时、现在/过去进行时、现在完成时） |
| **重点词汇** | 8个（turn, deserve, lawyer, bank, salary, immediately, borrow, lend） |
| **重点短语** | one good turn deserves another, pay back, pay for, to one's surprise |
| **学习难点** | 多种时态的综合运用、过去进行时+when句型 |

---

*本课是时态复习课，需注意不同时态在语境中的正确选择和使用。*