# Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐

## 一、课文原文

We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **jazz** | /dʒæz/ | n. | 爵士音乐 | jazz music 爵士乐 |
| **musical** | /ˈmjuːzɪkl/ | adj. | 音乐的 | music n. 音乐；musician n. 音乐家 |
| **instrument** | /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ | n. | 乐器；工具 | musical instrument 乐器 |
| **clavichord** | /ˈklævɪkɔːd/ | n. | 古钢琴 | 一种古老的键盘乐器 |
| **recently** | /ˈriːsntli/ | adv. | 最近 | 常与现在完成时连用 |
| **damage** | /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ | v. | 损坏 | damage n. 损害；do damage to 对……造成损害 |
| **key** | /kiː/ | n. | 琴键；钥匙 | the key to the door 门的钥匙 |
| **string** | /strɪŋ/ | n. | 弦；细绳 | guitar strings 吉他弦 |
| **shock** | /ʃɒk/ | v. | 使不悦或生气，震惊 | be shocked at 对……感到震惊 |
| **allow** | /əˈlaʊ/ | v. | 允许，让 | allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 |
| **touch** | /tʌtʃ/ | v. | 触摸 | keep in touch 保持联系 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. damage / destroy / ruin**

| 词 | 程度 | 例句 |
|----|------|------|
| damage | 部分损坏 | The instrument was damaged. |
| destroy | 彻底毁坏 | The fire destroyed the house. |
| ruin | 毁掉（抽象） | The rain ruined our trip. |

**2. allow 的用法**
- allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
- allow doing sth 允许做某事
- We are not allowed to touch it. 不允许我们碰它。
- Smoking is not allowed here. 此处禁止吸烟。

**3. shock 的用法**
- v. 使震惊：The news shocked everyone.
- be shocked at/by：对……感到震惊
- n. 震惊：a shock to sb

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 被动语态

**结构**：be + 过去分词

**用法**：当强调动作的承受者而非执行者时使用被动语态。

| 时态 | 结构 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| 一般现在时 | am/is/are + done | It **is called** a clavichord. |
| 一般现在时 | am/is/are + done | Our clavichord **is kept** in the living room. |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done | It **was made** in Germany in 1681. |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done | It **was bought** by my grandfather. |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done | It **was damaged** by a visitor. |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been done | It **has belonged** to our family. |
| 现在进行时 | am/is/are being done | It **is being repaired** by a friend. |

### 2. 被动语态的时态变化

| 时态 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
|------|----------|----------|
| 一般现在时 | make/makes | is/are made |
| 一般过去时 | made | was/were made |
| 现在进行时 | is/are making | is/are being made |
| 现在完成时 | has/have made | has/have been made |
| 一般将来时 | will make | will be made |

### 3. 双重所有格

> a friend **of my father's**

结构：a/an/this/that + 名词 + of + 名词所有格
- a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends
- a book of mine = one of my books

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. belong to 属于

> It **has belonged to** our family for a long time.

- belong to 不用被动语态
- belong to + 名词/宾格（不用所有格）
- It belongs to me.（不用 belongs to mine）

### 2. be allowed to do 被允许做

> We **are not allowed to** touch it.

主动形式：allow sb to do sth
被动形式：sb be allowed to do sth

### 3. be being repaired 正在被修理

> It **is being repaired** by a friend of my father's.

现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are + being + 过去分词

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## 五、课文翻译

我们家有件古老的乐器，它被称为古钢琴。它是1681年在德国制造的。我们的这架古钢琴安放在起居室里。它属于我们这个家庭已有很长时间了。这件乐器是我祖父在很多年前买的。最近它被一位客人弄坏了。她竟试图在上面弹奏爵士乐！她按键太猛，把两根弦按断了。我父亲为之震怒。现在我们不许碰它了。它正在由我父亲的一位朋友修理。

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 标题 "Not for jazz" 的含义

Not for jazz：不适于演奏爵士乐。古钢琴是一种古典乐器，音色柔和，不适合弹奏节奏强烈的爵士乐。客人在古钢琴上弹爵士乐，本身就是对这件古老乐器的不尊重。

### 2. 古钢琴（clavichord）

古钢琴是钢琴的前身，流行于16-18世纪的欧洲。它的音量很小，音色柔和，适合在室内演奏古典音乐。课文中说它制造于1681年，说明已有300多年历史，是珍贵的传家宝。

### 3. struck the keys too hard

> She **struck the keys too hard** and two of the strings were broken.

strike 的过去式是 struck。struck too hard 说明弹奏力度过大，与古钢琴的柔弱特性不匹配。

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 语态转换
- 主动语态变被动语态
- 不同时态的被动语态

### 2. 词汇练习
- allow 的主动/被动结构
- damage / destroy / ruin 辨析
- belong to 的用法

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述一件珍贵的物品被损坏的经历（使用被动语态）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 被动语态（多种时态）、双重所有格 |
| **重点词汇** | 11个（jazz, musical, instrument, clavichord, recently, damage, key, string, shock, allow, touch） |
| **重点短语** | belong to, be allowed to do, be being repaired, a friend of my father's |
| **学习难点** | 被动语态的时态变化、现在进行时被动语态、双重所有格 |

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*本课是被动语态的核心课文，需重点掌握不同时态下被动语态的构成。*