# Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行

## 一、课文原文

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

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## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| **exciting** | /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ | adj. | 令人兴奋的 | 比较：excited（感到兴奋的） |
| **receive** | /rɪˈsiːv/ | v. | 接受，收到 | receive a letter 收到信；区别 accept（接受） |
| **firm** | /fɜːm/ | n. | 商行，公司 | 同义词 company |
| **different** | /ˈdɪfrənt/ | adj. | 不同的 | be different from 与……不同 |
| **centre** | /ˈsentə/ | n. | 中心 | 美式拼写 center；in the centre of 在……中心 |
| **abroad** | /əˈbrɔːd/ | adv. | 在国外 | go abroad 出国；at home and abroad 国内外 |
| **Australian** | /ɒˈstreɪliən/ | adj./n. | 澳大利亚的/人 | Australia 澳大利亚 |

### 词汇拓展

**1. receive vs. accept**
- receive：收到（客观动作）
- accept：接受（主观意愿）
- I received a gift but didn't accept it. 我收到了礼物但没有接受。

**2. a great number of / a great many / a lot of**

| 短语 | 修饰 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| a great number of | 可数名词复数 | a great number of places |
| a great many | 可数名词复数 | a great many books |
| a lot of / lots of | 可数/不可数 | a lot of time / books |

**3. abroad 相关搭配**
- go abroad 出国
- study abroad 留学
- live abroad 侨居国外
- at home and abroad 在国内外

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## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 现在完成时

**结构**：have/has + 过去分词

**用法**：

| 用法 | 说明 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| 表示已完成 | 动作已完成，强调结果 | I **have just received** a letter. |
| 表示经历 | 到目前为止有过某经历 | He **has already visited** many places. |
| 表示持续 | 动作从过去持续到现在 | He **has been** there for six months. |
| 表示结果 | 动作完成后的状态 | He **has gone** to Alice Springs.（已去了，不在这里） |

### 2. 现在完成时标志词

| 标志词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|--------|------|------|
| just | 刚刚 | I have just received a letter. |
| already | 已经 | He has already visited many places. |
| yet | 还（未） | Has he arrived yet? |
| ever | 曾经 | Have you ever been abroad? |
| never | 从不 | He has never been abroad. |
| for + 时间段 | 持续…… | for six months |
| since + 时间点 | 自从…… | since last year |

### 3. has been to vs. has gone to

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| has been to | 去过（已回来） | He has been to Australia. |
| has gone to | 去了（还没回来） | He has gone to Alice Springs. |

### 4. 现在进行时表当前状态

> He **is working** for a big firm.
> He **is finding** this trip very exciting.

现在进行时不仅表示正在进行的动作，还可表示当前一段时间内的状态。

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## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. receive a letter from sb

> I have just received a letter **from my brother**, Tim.

= hear from sb 收到某人的来信

### 2. so 引导的结果状语从句

> He has never been abroad before, **so** he is finding this trip very exciting.

so 表示"因此，所以"，连接因果关系。

### 3. find + 宾语 + 宾补

> He is finding this trip **very exciting**.

find + 宾语 + 形容词（宾补）：觉得……怎么样
- I find the book interesting.
- She finds English easy.

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## 五、课文翻译

我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信。他正在澳大利亚。他已经在那儿住了六个月了。蒂姆是个工程师，正在一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的许多地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚汽车，现在去了艾利斯斯普林斯，澳大利亚中部的一个小镇。他不久还将到达尔文去。从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。

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## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 澳大利亚的地名

- **Alice Springs**：艾利斯斯普林斯，位于澳大利亚中部，是内陆重镇
- **Darwin**：达尔文，澳大利亚北部城市
- **Perth**：珀斯，澳大利亚西部城市
- 这三个城市分布在澳大利亚的不同区域，体现了旅行的范围之广

### 2. 同位语

> ...Alice Springs, **a small town in the centre of Australia**.

Alice Springs 与 a small town 是同位语关系，后者补充说明前者。

### 3. find 的多种用法
- find + n. + adj.：觉得……怎么样
- find out：查明，弄清
- find one's way：找到路

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## 七、课后练习要点

### 1. 时态练习
- 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时的区别
- has been to / has gone to 填空
- just / already / yet 的用法

### 2. 词汇练习
- receive / accept 区别
- a great number of 造句
- abroad 相关搭配

### 3. 写作练习
- 描述一次旅行的经历（使用现在完成时和一般过去时）

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## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 内容 |
|------|------|
| **核心语法** | 现在完成时（四大用法）、has been to vs has gone to |
| **重点词汇** | 7个（exciting, receive, firm, different, centre, abroad, Australian） |
| **重点短语** | a great number of, in the centre of, find sth adj, go abroad |
| **学习难点** | 现在完成时的多种用法、receive/accept区别、has been to/has gone to区别 |

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*本课是现在完成时的核心课文，需重点掌握其多种用法及与一般过去时的区别。*