# 第三册 Lesson 40 Who's who 真假难辨

## 一、课文原文

It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax. Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in. Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.

When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously. He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.

The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away. When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force. The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill. The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper. He threatened to call the police. At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone. Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| practical joke | /ˈpræktɪkl dʒəʊk/ | n. | 恶作剧 | play a practical joke on 捉弄 |
| hoax | /həʊks/ | n. | 骗局，恶作剧 | a elaborate hoax 精心策划的骗局 |
| deception | /dɪˈsepʃən/ | n. | 欺骗 | crude deception 粗劣的欺骗 |
| indulge | /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/ | v. | 沉溺于 | indulge in 沉溺于 |
| pneumatic | /njuːˈmætɪk/ | adj. | 气动的 | pneumatic drill 风钻 |
| reprimand | /ˈreprɪmɑːnd/ | v. | 训斥 | — |
| remonstrate | /ˈremənstreɪt/ | v. | 规劝，抗议 | remonstrate with sb. 规劝某人 |
| fiercely | /ˈfɪəsli/ | adv. | 猛烈地 | struggled fiercely 拼命挣扎 |
| ironically | /aɪˈrɒnɪkli/ | adv. | 讽刺地 | pointed out ironically 讽刺地指出 |
| archway | /ˈɑːtʃweɪ/ | n. | 拱门，拱道 | hid in an archway 藏在拱门处 |
| under arrest | /ʌndə əˈrest/ | phr. | 被逮捕 | placed under arrest 被逮捕 |
| accompany | /əˈkʌmpəni/ | v. | 陪同 | accompany sb. to 陪同某人到 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. it作形式主语

> **It has never been explained why** university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else.

it为形式主语，真正主语是why引导的主语从句。

### 2. be to do 表示命令/指示

> They **were not to take** him seriously.

be to do 表示按照指示或安排应该做某事。

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| be to do | 按计划/命令 | You are to stay here. |
| be about to do | 即将做 | I was about to leave. |
| be going to do | 打算做 | I'm going to read it. |

### 3. Only + 状语前置引起倒装

> **Only when** he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police **did he realize** that they had all been the victims of a hoax.

only + 状语从句置于句首时，主句部分倒装。

### 4. 现在分词作状语

> **Pretending to speak seriously**, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call...

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. dress up as 装扮成
> Two students **dressed up as** workmen were tearing up the road.

### 2. take sb. seriously 把某人的话当真
> They were not to **take him seriously**.

### 3. lose one's temper 发脾气
> One of them **lost his temper**.

### 4. 长难句分析
> Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.

Only when引起倒装；that引导宾语从句；the victims of a hoax是全文的画龙点睛之笔。

## 五、课文翻译

为什么大学生似乎比任何人都喜欢恶作剧，这从未得到解释。大学生擅长一种特殊的恶作剧：骗局。请消防队来扑灭一场根本不存在的火灾是一种低级的骗术，任何有自尊心的大学生都不会做这种事。大学生们经常制造有趣的场面，除了受害者以外，大家都觉得好笑。

最近一个大学生看到两个人在他的大学外面使用风钻，他立刻打电话给警察，告诉他们有两个学生装扮成工人在用风钻挖路。他一挂电话，就走过去告诉那两个工人，如果警察叫他们离开，不要把他的话当真。他又说有个学生装扮成警察在跟人们开各种愚蠢的玩笑。警察和工人都感谢这位学生提供了这条事先的消息。

那个学生藏在附近的一个拱门处，在那里他可以看到和听到发生的一切。果然，一个警察来到了现场，客气地请工人们离开。当他受到一个工人非常粗鲁的回绝后，他威胁说要强行驱赶他们。工人让他随便，于是警察打电话请求支援。不一会儿，又来了四个警察，对工人进行规劝。由于工人拒绝停工，警察试图夺走风钻。工人们拼命争抢，其中一个发了脾气。他威胁说要叫警察。对此，警察讽刺地指出这几乎不需要了，因为他们已经被逮捕了。其中一个工人假装严肃地问在被带到警察局之前是否可以打个电话。许可被批准了，一个警察陪他走到公用电话旁。只有当他看到那个人真的在给警察打电话时，他才意识到他们全都上当了。

## 六、语言点精讲

### 写作手法
1. **戏剧性反讽**：读者/旁观者知道真相，而当事人不知道
2. **双线叙事**：学生分别告知警察和工人不同的"真相"
3. **精彩结尾**：only when倒装句强化了真相揭露的戏剧效果

### 文化背景
- 英国大学生恶作剧（student pranks）是校园文化的传统
- "Who's who"原为名人录的名称，此处指身份难辨
- pneumatic drill（风钻）是道路施工的常见工具

## 七、课后练习要点

1. **倒装句**：only + 状语前置引起的部分倒装
2. **be to do**：表示命令/安排
3. **词汇搭配**：dress up as, take seriously, lose one's temper
4. **写作练习**：写一个恶作剧故事，运用戏剧性反讽手法

## 八、本课小结

本课讲述了一个大学生策划的恶作剧，使真正的工人和警察互相误解。语法重点是it作形式主语、be to do表示命令和only+状语倒装。词汇方面掌握hoax、remonstrate、ironically等核心词。写作上学习戏剧性反讽和双线叙事技巧。