# 第三册 Lesson 32 A lost ship 一艘沉船

## 一、课文原文

The salvage operation had been a complete failure. The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home. A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search. The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.

Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more. The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom. Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the contents of the chest proved them wrong. What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before.

The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding. There were books, clothing and photographs, together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife. The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck. Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest. From a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser. In another chest, which contained the belongings of a ship's officer, there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th, 1943. The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen. The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read. From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light. The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine. This was later confirmed by a naval official at the Ministry of Defence after the Elkor had returned home. All the items that were found were sent to the War Museum.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| salvage | /ˈsælvɪdʒ/ | v./n. | 打捞；营救 | salvage operation 打捞作业 |
| instruct | /ɪnˈstrʌkt/ | v. | 指示，吩咐 | instruct sb. to do sth. 指示某人做某事 |
| bullion | /ˈbʊliən/ | n. | 金条，金块 | gold bullion 金条 |
| scour | /skaʊə/ | v. | 彻底搜索 | scour the area 搜索该区域 |
| chest | /tʃest/ | n. | 箱子 | a sea-chest 水手箱 |
| belongings | /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz/ | n. | 所有物，行李 | personal belongings 个人物品 |
| cruiser | /ˈkruːzə/ | n. | 巡洋舰 | 区别于destroyer驱逐舰 |
| log book | /lɒɡ bʊk/ | n. | 航海日志 | 记录船舶航行详情的官方文件 |
| convoy | /ˈkɒnvɔɪ/ | n. | 护航舰队 | sail in a convoy 编入护航船队航行 |
| torpedo | /tɔːˈpiːdəʊ/ | v./n. | 用鱼雷攻击；鱼雷 | torpedo a ship 用鱼雷击沉船 |
| piece together | /piːs təˈɡeðə/ | phr. | 拼凑，综合 | piece together the information 拼凑信息 |
| come to light | /kʌm tə laɪt/ | phr. | 显露，为人所知 | 新信息被发现/曝光 |
| confirm | /kənˈfɜːm/ | v. | 证实，确认 | confirm a story/finding 证实说法/发现 |
| naval | /ˈneɪvəl/ | adj. | 海军的 | naval official 海军官员 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 过去完成时的被动语态

**结构**：had been + 过去分词

> The salvage operation **had been** a complete failure.
> A radio message **had been received** by the ship's captain.
> The sunken ship **had been carrying** a precious cargo.

过去完成时表示过去某时间之前已经完成的动作，本课大量使用以叙述事件的先后顺序。

### 2. what引导的名词性从句

> **What they had in fact found** was a ship which had been sunk many years before.

what在从句中作宾语，整个从句作主语。

### 3. must have + 过去分词（推测）

> The captain realized that the ship **must have been** a cruiser.

表示对过去事实的有把握推测（肯定语气）。

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| must have done | 一定做过 | He must have been a sailor. |
| may have done | 可能做过 | He may have left early. |
| can't have done | 不可能做过 | She can't have said that. |

### 4. 非限制性定语从句

> In another chest, **which contained the belongings of a ship's officer**, there was an unfinished letter...

which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明chest的内容。

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. under the impression that... 以为……
> The crew were at first **under the impression that** the lost ship had been found.

= thinking/assuming that... 表示一种后来被证明是错误的印象。

### 2. prove sb. wrong 证明某人错了
> The contents of the chest **proved them wrong**.

prove在此为系动词，后接形容词作表语。

### 3. of + 抽象名词 = 形容词
> Nothing **of value** was found. (= Nothing valuable was found.)
> The items proved to be **of great interest**. (= very interesting)

### 4. 长难句分析
> The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read.

主干：The find was the log book；"parts of which"引导非限制性定语从句修饰log book；it为形式主语，真正主语为to read。

## 五、课文翻译

打捞作业彻底失败了。小船"埃尔克"号在巴伦支海搜索了数周后，正在返航途中。船长收到了来自大陆的无线电报，指示他放弃搜索。船长知道以后还会再试，因为他要找的那艘沉船装运着贵重的金条。

尽管收到了电报，"埃尔克"号船长还是决定再试一次。他们用强力网在海底彻底搜索，当一个箱子从海底被捞起时，船上的人激动万分。虽然船员们起初以为那艘失踪的船已经找到了，但箱子里的东西证明他们错了。他们实际上发现的是一艘多年前沉没的船。

箱子里装的是海员艾伦·菲尔丁的私人物品。有书籍、衣物和照片，还有这位海员曾经收到妻子的来信。"埃尔克"号船长命令船员尽量从残骸中打捞更多的东西。没有发现什么值钱的东西，但打捞上来的大量物品却非常有趣。从捞起的一门重炮，船长推断那艘船一定是一艘巡洋舰。在另一个装有一位军官物品的箱子里，有一封1943年3月14日写的未完成的信。船长从信中得知那艘沉船的名字叫"卡伦"号。最有价值的发现是那艘船的航海日志，其中有些部分仍然可以阅读。从中船长能够把所有已经获得的资料拼凑起来。"卡伦"号当时正在护航船队中驶往俄国，被一艘敌方潜艇的鱼雷击中。这在"埃尔克"号返航后得到了国防部一位海军官员的证实。所有发现的物品都被送往战争博物馆。

## 六、语言点精讲

### 写作手法
1. **悬念设置**：开头交代打捞失败，但船长决定再试，引发读者期待
2. **层层推理**：从箱子→个人物品→重炮→未完成的信→航海日志，逐步揭示真相
3. **纪实风格**：采用新闻报道式叙事，客观冷静

### 文化背景
- 巴伦支海（Barents Sea）位于北冰洋，是二战期间盟军向苏联运送物资的重要航线
- 二战中的北极护航（Arctic Convoys）是著名的军事行动，船队常遭德军潜艇攻击
- 航海日志（log book）是船舶的法定文件，记录每日航行详情

## 七、课后练习要点

1. **时态运用**：区分过去完成时被动与一般过去时被动的使用场景
2. **推测表达**：must have done / may have done / can't have done 的辨析
3. **词汇搭配**：piece together, come to light, under the impression
4. **写作练习**：用层层推理的方式叙述一个发现过程

## 八、本课小结

本课讲述了一次海上打捞作业意外发现二战沉船的故事。语法重点是过去完成时被动语态的运用和must have done表示推测。词汇方面掌握salvage、scour、convoy、torpedo等航海军事词汇。写作上学习层层推理的叙事结构和悬念设置技巧。