# 第一册 Lesson 143 A walk through the woods 林中散步

## 一、课文原文

Listen to the tape then answer this question. What was so funny about the words on the sign?

I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The little baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, 'Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!'

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| surround | /səˈraʊnd/ | v. | 包围 | be surrounded by 被……包围；surrounding adj. 周围的 |
| wood | /wʊd/ | n. | 树林 | woods（复数）树林；wood（不可数）木材 |
| beauty spot | /ˈbjuːti spɒt/ | n. | 风景胜地 | beauty 美丽；spot 地点，景点 |
| hundred | /ˈhʌndrəd/ | num. | 百 | hundreds of 数百；two hundred 两百（无s） |
| visitor | /ˈvɪzɪtə/ | n. | 游客，参观者 | visit v. 参观；visitor 游客 |
| litter | /ˈlɪtə/ | n. | 垃圾，废弃物 | litter basket 废物筐；No littering 禁止乱扔垃圾 |
| tidy | /ˈtaɪdi/ | adj. | 整洁的 | clean and tidy 干净整洁；反义词untidy |
| place | /pleɪs/ | v. | 放置 | place sth under the tree 把某物放在树下 |
| rubbish | /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ | n. | 垃圾 | = trash / garbage；throw rubbish 扔垃圾 |
| count | /kaʊnt/ | v. | 数，计数 | count from 1 to 10 从1数到10 |
| cover | /ˈkʌvə/ | v. | 覆盖 | be covered with 被……覆盖；cover up 掩盖 |
| prosecute | /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/ | v. | 起诉，依法处置 | be prosecuted 被起诉；prosecution n. 起诉 |
| rusty | /ˈrʌsti/ | adj. | 生锈的 | rust n. 铁锈；rusty tins 生锈的罐头盒 |
| tyre | /ˈtaɪə/ | n. | 轮胎 | 美式拼写tire；old tyres 旧轮胎 |
| cigarette end | /ˌsɪɡəˈret end/ | n. | 烟头 | cigarette 香烟；end 末端 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 被动语态的各种时态（课文实例）

| 时态 | 被动语态 | 课文原句 |
|------|----------|----------|
| 一般现在时 | is/am/are + p.p. | which **is surrounded** by beautiful woods |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been + p.p. | Visitors **have been asked** to keep the woods clean |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been + p.p. | Litter baskets **have been placed** under the trees |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + p.p. | The ground **was covered** with pieces of paper |
| 一般将来时 | will be + p.p. | Anyone who leaves litter... **will be prosecuted** |

### 被动语态时态对照表

| 时态 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
|------|----------|----------|
| 一般现在时 | They ask visitors to keep clean. | Visitors are asked to keep clean. |
| 一般过去时 | They covered the ground with paper. | The ground was covered with paper. |
| 一般将来时 | They will prosecute anyone. | Anyone will be prosecuted. |
| 现在完成时 | They have placed baskets. | Baskets have been placed. |
| 现在进行时 | They are cleaning the woods. | The woods are being cleaned. |

### 课文中的定语从句

| 定语从句 | 先行词 | 关系代词 |
|----------|--------|----------|
| which is surrounded by beautiful woods | a very old town | which |
| which said, 'Anyone...' | a sign | which |
| who leaves litter in these woods | Anyone | who |

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.**
   - which引导定语从句修饰town
   - is surrounded by 被……包围（被动语态）

2. **Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.**
   - 现在完成时的被动语态：have been asked
   - ask sb to do sth → sb be asked to do sth（被动转换）
   - keep sth clean and tidy 保持某物干净整洁

3. **Litter baskets have been placed under the trees.**
   - 现在完成时的被动语态：have been placed
   - place sth under... → sth be placed under...（被动转换）

4. **The ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins.**
   - 一般过去时的被动语态：was covered
   - be covered with 被……覆盖
   - 一系列并列名词展示垃圾种类

5. **Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!**
   - who引导定语从句修饰Anyone
   - 一般将来时的被动语态：will be prosecuted
   - 注意：Anyone后用单数动词leaves

6. **What I saw made me very sad.**
   - What I saw 是主语从句
   - make sb + 形容词 使某人……（make me sad 使我悲伤）

## 五、课文翻译

我住在一座被美丽的树林包围的古镇里。那是一个著名的风景胜地。每逢星期天，成百上千的人从城里来参观我们的小镇，在树林中散步。游客们被要求保持树林的干净和整洁。废物筐被放置在树下，但人们仍然到处扔垃圾。上个星期三，我去树林里散步。我所看到的使我非常伤心。我数了数，有七辆旧汽车和三台旧冰箱。那些小废物筐空空如也，地上满是纸片、烟头、旧轮胎、空瓶子和生锈的空罐头盒。在垃圾堆中，我发现了一块牌子，上面写着："凡在此树林里丢弃垃圾者，将依法处置！"

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **be surrounded by**：被……包围/环绕。这是surround的被动用法，表示某物处于被包围的状态。如：The house is surrounded by trees.（房子被树木环绕。）

2. **beauty spot**：风景胜地。spot在此意为"地点，景点"。如：a tourist spot 旅游景点，a hot spot 热点。

3. **hundreds of**：数百，成百上千。注意：数词+hundred（无s）表示确数；hundreds of（有s）表示约数。如：two hundred 两百（确切），hundreds of 数百（约数）。同理：thousands of 数千，millions of 数百万。

4. **have been asked / have been placed**：现在完成时的被动语态。结构：have/has + been + 过去分词。表示到现在为止已经被……。

5. **be covered with**：被……覆盖。with表示覆盖物。如：The table was covered with dust.（桌子上满是灰尘。）

6. **What I saw made me very sad**：What I saw是主语从句，make sb + 形容词意为"使某人……"。如：The news made him happy.（这个消息让他高兴。）

7. **Anyone who leaves litter... will be prosecuted!**： Anyone作主语，后接定语从句who leaves litter，谓语用单数will be prosecuted。这是将来时被动语态，表示一种警告/规定。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 识别并分析课文中各时态的被动语态
2. 将主动语态变为各种时态的被动语态
3. 现在完成时被动语态（have been done）的构成练习
4. 定语从句与被动语态的综合运用
5. be covered with / be surrounded by 等固定搭配

## 八、本课小结

- **核心语法**：被动语态的多种时态——一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时
- **关键结构**：be (am/is/are/was/were/will be/have been) + 过去分词
- **重点词汇**：surround, beauty spot, litter, tidy, place, cover, prosecute, rusty
- **固定搭配**：be surrounded by, be covered with, hundreds of, keep sth clean and tidy
- **课文寓意**：讽刺——尽管竖着"禁止乱扔垃圾"的牌子，但满地都是垃圾，环保意识仍需提高