# 第一册 Lesson 142 Someone invited Sally to a party. Sally was invited to a party. 有人邀请萨莉参加聚会。萨莉被邀请参加聚会。

## 一、课文原文

本课为语法练习课，配合Lesson 141的被动语态内容进行句型操练。

**句型练习：**

1. Someone invited Sally to a party. → Sally **was invited** to a party.
2. Someone met her at the station. → She **was met** at the station.
3. Someone repaired his car. → His car **was repaired**.
4. Someone painted the door. → The door **was painted**.
5. Someone served the meal. → The meal **was served**.
6. Someone built the house. → The house **was built**.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| invite | /ɪnˈvaɪt/ | v. | 邀请 | invite sb to sp 邀请某人去某地；be invited 被邀请 |
| meet | /miːt/ | v. | 迎接，遇见 | meet/met/met；meet sb at the station 在车站迎接某人 |
| paint | /peɪnt/ | v. | 油漆，画 | paint the door 给门刷漆；painting n. 绘画，画作 |
| build | /bɪld/ | v. | 建造 | build/built/built；build a house 建房子；building n. 建筑 |
| serve | /sɜːv/ | v. | 服务，上菜 | serve the meal 上菜/端饭；be served 被服务 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 主动语态变被动语态的方法

**步骤**：
1. 将主动句的**宾语**变为被动句的**主语**
2. 谓语动词变为**be + 过去分词**
3. 原来的主语用**by + 宾格**表示（如不需要可省略）

**示例**：

| 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
|----------|----------|
| Someone invited Sally. | Sally was invited (by someone). |
| They built the house. | The house was built (by them). |
| He repaired the car. | The car was repaired (by him). |
| She painted the door. | The door was painted (by her). |

### 各种时态的被动语态

| 时态 | 被动语态结构 | 例句 |
|------|-------------|------|
| 一般现在时 | am/is/are + p.p. | The door is painted. |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + p.p. | The door was painted. |
| 一般将来时 | will be + p.p. | The door will be painted. |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been + p.p. | The door has been painted. |
| 现在进行时 | am/is/are being + p.p. | The door is being painted. |

### 被动语态的使用场景

| 场景 | 说明 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| 不知道动作执行者 | 强调承受者 | The car was stolen. |
| 不必指出执行者 | 已知或不重要 | The meal is served. |
| 强调动作的承受者 | 承受者更重要 | Sally was invited to the party. |
| 正式文体 | 新闻、科技等 | The experiment was conducted. |

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **Sally was invited to a party.**
   - 主动：Someone invited Sally to a party.
   - 被动：Sally（宾语→主语）+ was invited（被动谓语）+ to a party（保留）

2. **She was met at the station.**
   - 主动：Someone met her at the station.
   - 被动：She（宾格her→主格she）+ was met + at the station

3. **His car was repaired.**
   - 主动：Someone repaired his car.
   - 被动：His car（宾语→主语）+ was repaired

4. **The door was painted.**
   - 主动：Someone painted the door.
   - 被动：The door（宾语→主语）+ was painted

5. **The meal was served.**
   - 主动：Someone served the meal.
   - 被动：The meal（宾语→主语）+ was served

6. **The house was built.**
   - 主动：Someone built the house.
   - 被动：The house（宾语→主语）+ was built

## 五、课文翻译

1. 有人邀请萨莉参加聚会。→ 萨莉被邀请参加聚会。
2. 有人在车站迎接了她。→ 她在车站被迎接。
3. 有人修了他的车。→ 他的车被修好了。
4. 有人给门刷了漆。→ 门被刷了漆。
5. 有人上了菜。→ 饭菜被端上来了。
6. 有人建了这栋房子。→ 这栋房子被建成了。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **被动语态的be动词选择**：be动词要与主语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数用was/is，主语是复数用were/are。如：The doors were painted.（门被刷了漆——复数）

2. **by短语的省略**：当动作执行者不明确或不重要时，by短语可以省略。如：The house was built.（不需要说by someone，因为从上下文已能理解）

3. **不规则动词的过去分词**：被动语态需要用到过去分词，注意不规则变化：build→built, meet→met, paint→painted（规则）, serve→served（规则）, invite→invited（规则）

4. **主动变被动的注意事项**：
   - 宾格代词变主格（her→she, him→he, them→they）
   - 物主代词不变（his car仍然是his car）
   - 介词短语保留（at the station, to a party）

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 将主动语态句子变为被动语态
2. 根据主语选择正确的be动词（was/were）
3. 不规则动词的过去分词拼写
4. 判断何时使用被动语态

## 八、本课小结

- **核心语法**：一般过去时被动语态的构成——was/were + 过去分词
- **转换方法**：宾语→主语；谓语→be + p.p.；主语→by + 宾格（可省略）
- **重点规则**：be动词与主语保持人称和数的一致
- **使用场景**：不知道/不必指出执行者；强调承受者