# 第一册 Lesson 141 Sally's first train ride 萨莉第一次乘火车旅行

## 一、课文原文

Listen to the tape then answer this question. Why was the mother embarrassed?

Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party. I decided to take her by train. Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before.

She sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw. Suddenly, a middle-aged lady got on the train and sat opposite Sally.

"Hello, little girl." Sally did not answer, but looked at her curiously. The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat. After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took out her powder compact. She then began to make up her face.

"Why are you doing that?" Sally asked.

"To make myself beautiful," the lady answered. She put away her compact and smiled kindly.

"But you are still ugly," Sally said. Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed!

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| excited | /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ | adj. | 激动的，兴奋的 | be excited about 对……感到兴奋；exciting 令人兴奋的 |
| middle-aged | /ˈmɪdl eɪdʒd/ | adj. | 中年的 | a middle-aged lady 一位中年女士 |
| opposite | /ˈɒpəzɪt/ | prep./adj. | 在……对面 | sit opposite sb 坐在某人对面；opposite direction 相反方向 |
| curiously | /ˈkjʊəriəsli/ | adv. | 好奇地 | curious adj. 好奇的；curiosity n. 好奇心 |
| funny | /ˈfʌni/ | adj. | 滑稽的，可笑的 | a funny hat 滑稽的帽子；make fun of 取笑 |
| powder compact | /ˈpaʊdə ˈkɒmpækt/ | n. | 粉饼盒 | powder 粉；compact 紧凑的/粉饼盒 |
| make up | /meɪk ʌp/ | 短语 | 化妆 | make up one's face 给脸化妆；make up for 弥补 |
| ugly | /ˈʌɡli/ | adj. | 丑陋的 | 反义词beautiful/pretty；ugly duckling 丑小鸭 |
| amused | /əˈmjuːzd/ | adj. | 觉得好笑的 | be amused 觉得有趣；amusing 有趣的 |
| embarrassed | /ɪmˈbærəst/ | adj. | 尴尬的 | embarrassing 令人尴尬的；feel embarrassed 感到尴尬 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 被动语态（Passive Voice）

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，而非执行者。

**结构**：be + 过去分词（p.p.）

| 时态 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
|------|----------|----------|
| 一般现在时 | They invite Sally. | Sally **is invited**. |
| 一般过去时 | They invited Sally. | Sally **was invited**. |
| 一般将来时 | They will invite Sally. | Sally **will be invited**. |
| 现在完成时 | They have invited Sally. | Sally **has been invited**. |
| 现在进行时 | They are inviting Sally. | Sally **is being invited**. |

**课文中的被动语态：**

| 主动 | 被动 | 说明 |
|------|------|------|
| Someone invited Sally to a party. | Sally **was invited** to a children's party. | 一般过去时的被动语态 |
| The lady dressed herself in a blue coat. | The lady **was dressed** in a blue coat. | 过去时被动，表示穿着状态 |

### be dressed in 与 wear/dress 的区别

| 表达 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| wear | 穿着（状态） | She wears a blue coat. |
| be dressed in | 穿着（被动式表状态） | She was dressed in a blue coat. |
| dress | 给……穿衣（动作） | She dressed the baby. |
| put on | 穿上（动作） | She put on her coat. |

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **My four-year-old daughter, Sally, was invited to a children's party.**
   - was invited 一般过去时的被动语态
   - four-year-old 四岁的（复合形容词，用连字符，year不加s）
   - Sally是daughter的同位语

2. **Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before.**
   - 过去完成时had travelled：在过去的某时间之前已完成
   - never...before 从来没有……过

3. **She sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw.**
   - everything she saw = everything that she saw（省略关系代词）
   - ask questions about 对……提问

4. **The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat.**
   - was dressed in 穿着（被动语态表状态）
   - a large, funny hat 一顶又大又滑稽的帽子

5. **She then began to make up her face.**
   - make up one's face 化妆
   - begin to do sth 开始做某事

6. **"But you are still ugly," Sally said.**
   - still 仍然，依然
   - ugly 丑陋的——童言无忌

7. **Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed!**
   - amused 觉得有趣（Sally的视角）
   - embarrassed 感到尴尬（母亲的视角）
   - 对比：amused vs. embarrassed

## 五、课文翻译

上周，我四岁的女儿萨莉被邀请参加一个儿童聚会。我决定带她乘火车去。萨莉非常激动，因为她从未乘过火车。

她靠车窗坐着，对她所看到的一切都要问个明白。突然，一位中年妇女上了火车，坐在萨莉对面。

"你好，小姑娘。"萨莉没有回答，而是好奇地看着她。那位女士穿着蓝色的外套，戴着一顶又大又滑稽的帽子。火车开出车站后，那位女士打开手提包，拿出了粉饼盒。然后她开始往脸上化妆。

"你为什么要那样做？"萨莉问。

"为了让自己漂亮呀，"那位女士回答。她收起粉饼盒，和蔼地笑了笑。

"可你还是很难看，"萨莉说。萨莉觉得很有趣，但我却非常尴尬！

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **被动语态was invited**：Sally是invite的承受者（被邀请），不是执行者。如改为主动语态：Someone invited Sally to a party. 但我们不知道或不需要指出是谁邀请的。

2. **four-year-old**：复合形容词，各词之间用连字符连接，year用单数。作定语放在名词前。如：a ten-year-old boy 一个十岁的男孩。注意：four years old作表语，不用连字符：My daughter is four years old.

3. **was dressed in**：被动语态表穿着状态。dress作及物动词意为"给……穿衣"，被动形式be dressed in意为"穿着"。如：She was dressed in white.（她穿着白色的衣服。）

4. **make up**：化妆。make up one's face 往脸上化妆。相关词组：make up for 弥补；make up one's mind 下定决心；make up a story 编故事。

5. **amused vs. embarrassing**：amused表示"觉得好笑的"（Sally的感受）；embarrassed表示"尴尬的"（母亲的感受）。同根词：amusing 有趣的；embarrassing 令人尴尬的。

6. **curiously**：好奇地。curious → curiously（形容词→副词）。如：She looked at him curiously.（她好奇地看着他。）

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 将主动语态变为被动语态（一般过去时）
2. was/were + 过去分词的被动语态练习
3. be dressed in / wear / dress / put on的用法区别
4. -ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别（amused/amusing, embarrassed/embarrassing）

## 八、本课小结

- **核心语法**：被动语态——be + 过去分词，本课重点是一般过去时的被动（was/were + p.p.）
- **关键规则**：主语是动作的承受者时用被动语态；不知道或不需要指出动作执行者时常用被动
- **重点词汇**：excited, middle-aged, opposite, curiously, make up, ugly, amused, embarrassed
- **重要区别**：be dressed in（穿着）vs. wear（穿着）vs. put on（穿上）
- **课文趣味**：童言无忌——Sally说"你还是很难看"