# 第一册 Lesson 136 He said (that) he... He told me (that) he... 他说他……他告诉我他……

## 一、课文原文

本课为语法练习课，配合Lesson 135的间接引语（含情态动词）内容进行句型操练。

**句型练习：**

1. "I may retire." → He said (that) he **might** retire.
2. "I can't make up my mind." → He told me (that) he **couldn't** make up his mind.
3. "I will help you." → He said (that) he **would** help me.
4. "I may go abroad." → He said (that) he **might** go abroad.
5. "I can't come." → He told me (that) he **couldn't** come.
6. "I will be late." → He said (that) he **would** be late.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| retire | /rɪˈtaɪə/ | v. | 退休 | retire from 从……退休；retired adj. 退休的 |
| abroad | /əˈbrɔːd/ | adv. | 国外 | go abroad 出国；study abroad 留学 |
| late | /leɪt/ | adj./adv. | 迟的，晚的 | be late for 迟到；later 后来；latest 最新的 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 间接引语变化完整规则总结

#### 时态变化

| 直接引语 | → | 间接引语 | 例句 |
|----------|---|----------|------|
| 一般现在时 | → | 一般过去时 | "I like it." → He said he liked it. |
| 现在进行时 | → | 过去进行时 | "I am working." → He said he was working. |
| 现在完成时 | → | 过去完成时 | "I have finished." → He said he had finished. |
| 一般过去时 | → | 过去完成时 | "I went there." → He said he had gone there. |
| 一般将来时 | → | 过去将来时 | "I will come." → He said he would come. |
| can | → | could | "I can do it." → He said he could do it. |
| may | → | might | "I may go." → He said he might go. |
| must | → | had to | "I must go." → He said he had to go. |

#### 不需要变化的情况

| 情况 | 说明 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| 客观真理 | 时态不变 | "The earth is round." → He said the earth is round. |
| 过去完成时 | 已经是最远时态，不变 | "I had seen it." → He said he had seen it. |
| 一般过去时+具体时间 | 可不变 | "I was born in 1990." → He said he was born in 1990. |

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **He said (that) he might retire.**
   - 直接引语"I may retire"→间接引语
   - may → might；I → he

2. **He told me (that) he couldn't make up his mind.**
   - 直接引语"I can't make up my mind"→间接引语
   - can't → couldn't；my → his

3. **He said (that) he would help me.**
   - 直接引语"I will help you"→间接引语
   - will → would；you → me

4. **He said (that) he might go abroad.**
   - 直接引语"I may go abroad"→间接引语
   - may → might；I → he

5. **He said (that) he would be late.**
   - 直接引语"I will be late"→间接引语
   - will → would；I → he

## 五、课文翻译

1. "我可能退休。" → 他说他可能退休。
2. "我无法做决定。" → 他告诉我他无法做决定。
3. "我会帮你。" → 他说他会帮我。
4. "我可能出国。" → 他说他可能出国。
5. "我不能来。" → 他告诉我他不能来。
6. "我会迟到。" → 他说他会迟到。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **情态动词在间接引语中的变化**：may→might, can→could, will→would, shall→should/would。这些变化遵循"时态后退一步"的原则。

2. **might的双重身份**：might既是may的过去式，也单独表示"也许"（可能性比may小）。在间接引语中，may→might是语法变化；在直接引语中用might，则表示"也许"。

3. **would的双重身份**：would既是will的过去式，也单独表示"愿意"或委婉请求。在间接引语中，will→would是语法变化。

4. **人称变化的依据**：人称变化取决于说话人和转述人的关系。"I"变为"he/she"，"my"变为"his/her"，"we"变为"they"，具体要根据语境判断。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 将含情态动词的直接引语变为间接引语
2. 综合练习：时态+人称+指示代词的变化
3. 判断间接引语是否需要变化时态
4. 口语练习：转述他人的话

## 八、本课小结

- **核心语法**：间接引语中情态动词变化的操练——may→might, can→could, will→would
- **关键规则**：间接引语变化三步走：①时态后退 ②人称变化 ③指示词/时间/地点变化
- **特殊情况**：客观真理时态不变；过去完成时不变
- **重点技能**：完整地将直接引语转换为间接引语