# 第一册 Lesson 134 He said (that) he... He told me (that) he... 他说他……他告诉我他……

## 一、课文原文

本课为语法练习课，配合Lesson 133的间接引语内容进行句型操练。

**句型练习：**

1. "I am tired." → He said (that) he **was** tired.
2. "I am reading." → He said (that) he **was reading**.
3. "I have finished." → He said (that) he **had finished**.
4. "I want to go." → He told me (that) he **wanted** to go.
5. "I can't come." → He told me (that) he **couldn't** come.
6. "I will help you." → He said (that) he **would** help me.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| tired | /ˈtaɪəd/ | adj. | 疲倦的 | be tired of 对……厌倦；be tired with 因……而疲劳 |
| finish | /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ | v. | 完成 | finish doing sth 完成做某事 |
| help | /help/ | v. | 帮助 | help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 间接引语时态变化完整表

| 直接引语时态 | 间接引语时态 | 例句 |
|-------------|-------------|------|
| 一般现在时 | 一般过去时 | "I like it." → He said he liked it. |
| 现在进行时 | 过去进行时 | "I am reading." → He said he was reading. |
| 现在完成时 | 过去完成时 | "I have seen it." → He said he had seen it. |
| 一般过去时 | 过去完成时 | "I went there." → He said he had gone there. |
| 一般将来时 | 过去将来时 | "I will come." → He said he would come. |
| can | could | "I can do it." → He said he could do it. |
| may | might | "I may go." → He said he might go. |
| must | had to | "I must go." → He said he had to go. |

### 其他变化

| 项目 | 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|------|----------|----------|
| 人称 | I/my/we | he/his/they（根据语境） |
| 指示代词 | this/these | that/those |
| 时间状语 | now | then |
| 时间状语 | today | that day |
| 时间状语 | tomorrow | the next day |
| 时间状语 | yesterday | the day before |
| 地点状语 | here | there |

### say 和 tell 的区别

| 动词 | 结构 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| say | say (that) + 从句 | He said (that) he was tired. |
| say | say to sb (that) + 从句 | He said to me (that) he was tired. |
| tell | tell sb (that) + 从句 | He told me (that) he was tired. |

**注意**：tell后必须接说话对象（sb），say后不能直接接说话对象。

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **He said (that) he was tired.**
   - 直接引语"I am tired"变为间接引语
   - am → was（一般现在时→一般过去时）
   - I → he（人称变化）

2. **He said (that) he was reading.**
   - 直接引语"I am reading"变为间接引语
   - am reading → was reading（现在进行时→过去进行时）

3. **He said (that) he had finished.**
   - 直接引语"I have finished"变为间接引语
   - have finished → had finished（现在完成时→过去完成时）

4. **He told me (that) he wanted to go.**
   - 直接引语"I want to go"变为间接引语
   - want → wanted（一般现在时→一般过去时）
   - I → he（人称变化）

5. **He said (that) he would help me.**
   - 直接引语"I will help you"变为间接引语
   - will → would（一般将来时→过去将来时）
   - you → me（人称变化）

## 五、课文翻译

1. "我累了。" → 他说他累了。
2. "我在看书。" → 他说他在看书。
3. "我已经完成了。" → 他说他已经完成了。
4. "我想去。" → 他告诉我他想去。
5. "我不能来。" → 他告诉我他不能来。
6. "我会帮你。" → 他说他会帮我。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **that的省略**：在间接引语中，引导词that可以省略。口语中通常省略。如：He said he was tired. = He said that he was tired.

2. **时态后退的特殊情况**：如果直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时**时态不变**。如："The earth is round." → He said the earth is round.

3. **must变为had to**：在间接引语中，must通常变为had to。但表推测的must可不变。

4. **say与tell的搭配**：say后接that从句或say to sb that从句；tell后必须接人再接that从句。不能说He told that...

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 将直接引语变为间接引语，注意时态和人称变化
2. say和tell的用法选择
3. 情态动词在间接引语中的变化（can→could, will→would等）
4. 时间和地点状语的变化练习

## 八、本课小结

- **核心语法**：间接引语的时态变化规则操练
- **关键规则**：时态后退一步；人称、指示代词、时间/地点状语做相应变化
- **重点区别**：say (that) / say to sb (that) / tell sb (that) 的用法区别
- **特殊情况**：客观真理时态不变；must→had to