# 第一册 Lesson 125 Tea for two 两个人一起喝茶

## 一、课文原文

Listen to the tape then answer this question. Does Susan have tea by herself?

**SUSAN:** Can't you come in and have tea now, Peter?

**PETER:** Not yet. I must water the garden first.

**SUSAN:** Do you have to water it now?

**PETER:** I'm afraid I must. Look at it! It's terribly dry.

**SUSAN:** What a nuisance!

**SUSAN:** Last summer it was very dry, too. Don't you remember? I had to water it every day.

**PETER:** Well, I'll have tea by myself.

**SUSAN:** It's raining! That means you don't need to water the garden.

**PETER:** That was quick! Have you finished already?

**SUSAN:** That was a pleasant surprise. It means I can have tea, instead.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| water | /ˈwɔːtə/ | v. | 浇水 | water the garden 给花园浇水；water可作名词(水)和动词(浇水) |
| terribly | /ˈterəbli/ | adv. | 非常 | 口语中替代very，表示程度深；terribly dry 非常干燥 |
| dry | /draɪ/ | adj. | 干燥的 | 反义词wet；dry weather 干燥的天气 |
| nuisance | /ˈnjuːsəns/ | n. | 讨厌的事/人 | What a nuisance! 真讨厌！常用感叹句 |
| mean | /miːn/ | v. | 意味着 | mean doing sth 意味着做某事；mean to do sth 打算做某事 |
| by myself | /baɪ maɪˈself/ | 短语 | 独自地 | = alone；by oneself 独自地，没有帮助地 |
| surprise | /səˈpraɪz/ | n./v. | 惊喜，使惊讶 | a pleasant surprise 令人愉快的惊喜 |
| instead | /ɪnˈsted/ | adv. | 代替，反而 | instead of 代替……；instead 放句末 |

## 三、语法知识点

### have to 和 must 的用法与区别

| 项目 | must | have to |
|------|------|---------|
| 含义 | 必须（主观看法） | 不得不（客观需要） |
| 时态 | 无过去式和将来式 | had to（过去）/will have to（将来） |
| 否定 | mustn't 禁止（不准做） | don't have to 不必（不需要做） |
| 语气 | 较强烈，强调主观 | 较客观，强调外界需要 |
| 例句 | I must water the garden. | I had to water it every day. |

**课文对比：**
- **I must water the garden first.**（主观认为必须浇水）
- **Do you have to water it now?**（客观上必须现在浇吗？）
- **I had to water it every day.**（过去客观上不得不每天浇——must没有过去式，用had to代替）

### need的用法

| 用法 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| need to do sth | 需要做某事 | You don't need to water the garden. |
| needn't do sth | 不必做某事 | You needn't water the garden. |
| don't need to do | 不需要做（与needn't同义） | You don't need to water the garden. |

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **Can't you come in and have tea now?**
   - 否定疑问句，表示请求或期待肯定回答
   - 相当于"你难道不能进来喝茶吗？"语气委婉

2. **I must water the garden first.**
   - must表示主观上的"必须"
   - water the garden 给花园浇水

3. **Do you have to water it now?**
   - have to表示客观上的"不得不"
   - 用do提问，因为have to是实义动词

4. **What a nuisance!**
   - What引导的感叹句
   = What a nuisance it is!

5. **I had to water it every day.**
   - must没有过去式，表示过去的"必须"用had to

6. **That means you don't need to water the garden.**
   - mean + 宾语从句：意味着……
   - don't need to = needn't 不必

7. **It means I can have tea, instead.**
   - instead 放在句末，表示"代替""反而"
   - 意味着彼得不必浇水，可以来喝茶了

## 五、课文翻译

**苏珊：** 你难道不能进来喝茶吗，彼得？

**彼得：** 还不行。我必须先给花园浇水。

**苏珊：** 你非得现在浇吗？

**彼得：** 恐怕必须现在浇。你看看！干得厉害。

**苏珊：** 真讨厌！

**苏珊：** 去年夏天也很干燥。你不记得了吗？我不得不每天浇水。

**彼得：** 好吧，我一个人喝茶了。

**苏珊：** 下雨了！那意味着你不需要给花园浇水了。

**彼得：** 好快啊！你已经喝完了吗？

**苏珊：** 这真是个令人愉快的惊喜。这意味着我也可以来喝茶了。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **Can't you...?**：否定疑问句，不是真的否定，而是表示请求或惊讶，期望对方做某事。如Can't you help me?（你就不能帮帮我吗？）

2. **water the garden**：water在此作动词用，"给……浇水"。英语中很多名词可转化为动词：book a ticket（订票），hand in homework（交作业）。

3. **terribly**：在口语中常用来加强语气，相当于very，但比very更生动。如terribly sorry 非常抱歉，terribly cold 非常冷。

4. **What a nuisance!**：固定感叹句，表示厌烦。nuisance指讨厌的人或事。

5. **by myself**：独自地。强调没有别人陪伴。by oneself = alone。如：I live by myself.（我一个人住。）

6. **instead**：代替，反而。放在句末。注意与instead of的区别：instead of + 名词/动名词，instead放在句末。如：I'll have tea instead of coffee. = I won't have coffee. I'll have tea instead.

## 七、课后练习要点

1. must与have to的用法区别与互换练习
2. must表现在的必须，had to表过去的必须
3. mustn't（禁止）与don't have to（不必）的区别
4. needn't与don't need to的用法
5. instead与instead of的用法练习

## 八、本课小结

- **核心语法**：have to和must的用法区别
- **关键规则**：must侧重主观必须，have to侧重客观不得不；must无过去式，过去用had to；mustn't=禁止，don't have to=不必
- **重点词汇**：water(v.), terribly, nuisance, mean, instead, by oneself
- **交际功能**：日常邀请与推辞的表达