# 第一册 Lesson 123 A trip to Australia 澳大利亚之行

## 一、课文原文

Listen to the tape then answer this question. Who is the man with the beard?

**MIKE:** Look, Scott. This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia.

**SCOTT:** Let me see it, Mike.

**MIKE:** This is a good photograph. Who are these people?

**MIKE:** They're people I met during the trip.

**MIKE:** That's the ship we travelled on.

**SCOTT:** What a beautiful ship!

**SCOTT:** Who's this?

**MIKE:** That's the man I told you about. Remember?

**SCOTT:** Ah yes. The one who offered you a job in Australia.

**MIKE:** That's right.

**SCOTT:** Who's this?

**MIKE:** Guess!

**SCOTT:** It's not you, is it?

**MIKE:** That's right.

**MIKE:** I grew a beard during the trip, but I shaved it off when I came home.

**SCOTT:** Why did you shave it off?

**MIKE:** My wife didn't like it!

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| during | /ˈdjʊərɪŋ/ | prep. | 在……期间 | during the trip 在旅行期间；区分for（持续时间段） |
| trip | /trɪp/ | n. | 旅行 | a trip to... 去……的旅行；trip指短途旅行 |
| travel | /ˈtrævəl/ | v. | 旅行 | travel on the ship 乘船旅行；travel可作动词和名词 |
| offer | /ˈɒfə/ | v. | 提供 | offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物 |
| job | /dʒɒb/ | n. | 工作 | offer sb a job 给某人提供工作；job指具体工作，work指劳动 |
| guess | /ɡes/ | v. | 猜 | Guess! 猜猜看！guess at sth 猜测某事 |
| grow | /ɡrəʊ/ | v. | 生长，留（须发） | grew/grown；grow a beard 留胡子；grow flowers 种花 |
| beard | /bɪəd/ | n. | 络腮胡子 | grow a beard 留胡子；shave off a beard 刮掉胡子 |
| shave | /ʃeɪv/ | v. | 刮（胡子） | shaved/shaved；shave off 刮掉；shaver n. 剃须刀 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 定语从句中关系代词的省略

当关系代词在定语从句中作**宾语**时，可以省略。本课大量出现省略关系代词的定语从句。

| 课文名句 | 省略的关系代词 | 在从句中的成分 |
|----------|---------------|---------------|
| a photograph I took | that/which | took的宾语 |
| people I met | who/whom/that | met的宾语 |
| the ship we travelled on | that/which | on的宾语（介词宾语） |
| the man I told you about | who/whom/that | about的宾语 |

**补充说明：**

1. **the ship we travelled on**：关系代词作介词on的宾语，on放在从句末尾。若要放在关系代词前，则只能用which：the ship **on which** we travelled。

2. **the man I told you about**：tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事，about后接关系代词作宾语。

3. **The one who offered you a job**：who在从句中作主语，**不能省略**。

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **This is a photograph I took during my trip to Australia.**
   - I took during my trip to Australia是省略了which/that的定语从句
   - during my trip to Australia 时间状语

2. **What a beautiful ship!**
   - What引导的感叹句：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数
   - 对比：How beautiful the ship is!（How引导的感叹句）

3. **That's the man I told you about.**
   - I told you about是省略了whom/who/that的定语从句
   - tell sb about sb/sth 告诉某人关于……

4. **The one who offered you a job in Australia.**
   - The one 指代the man，避免重复
   - who在从句中作主语，不可省略
   - offer sb a job 给某人提供一份工作

5. **I grew a beard during the trip, but I shaved it off when I came home.**
   - grow a beard 留胡子；shave off a beard 刮掉胡子
   - 一组反义表达

## 五、课文翻译

**迈克：** 看，斯科特。这是我在澳大利亚旅行时拍的一张照片。

**斯科特：** 让我看看，迈克。

**迈克：** 这张照片拍得不错。这些人是谁？

**迈克：** 他们是我在旅行中认识的人。

**迈克：** 那是我们乘的船。

**斯科特：** 多漂亮的船啊！

**斯科特：** 这是谁？

**迈克：** 这就是我跟你说过的人。记得吗？

**斯科特：** 哦，是的。就是在澳大利亚给你提供工作的那个人。

**迈克：** 对了。

**斯科特：** 这是谁？

**迈克：** 你猜！

**斯科特：** 不是你吧，是吗？

**迈克：** 就是我。

**迈克：** 我在旅途中留了胡子，但回到家就刮掉了。

**斯科特：** 你为什么把它刮掉了？

**迈克：** 我妻子不喜欢！

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **a photograph I took**：拍照用take a photograph/picture，不用do或make。

2. **the ship we travelled on**：介词on的用法——乘船旅行用travel on the ship。注意介词放在从句末尾时关系代词可以省略。

3. **The one who offered you a job**：one可以用来指代前面提到过的同类事物中的任何一个，这里the one指代the man，避免重复。

4. **grow a beard**：grow在此表示"留（须发）"，是不及物动词的使动用法，相当于let it grow。

5. **shave it off**：shave off是固定搭配，意为"刮掉"。it指代beard。

6. **What a beautiful ship!**：感叹句结构。What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词！如：What a nice day! What beautiful flowers!

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 练习在定语从句中省略作宾语的关系代词
2. 区分关系代词作主语（不可省）和作宾语（可省）的情况
3. What/How引导的感叹句互换练习
4. offer的用法：offer sb sth / offer to do sth

## 八、本课小结

- **核心语法**：定语从句中关系代词的省略——作宾语时可以省略
- **关键规则**：关系代词在从句中作宾语（包括介词宾语）时可省略，作主语时不可省略
- **重点词汇**：during, offer, grow(grew), shave(shaved), beard
- **重要句型**：What a...! 感叹句；offer sb sth 提供某人某物
- **交际功能**：看照片谈论人物和经历