# 第一册 Lesson 122 Who/whom/which/that 谁/谁/哪个/那个

## 一、课文原文

本课为语法练习课，配合Lesson 121的定语从句内容进行句型操练。

**句型练习：**

1. This is the car. The mechanic repaired it yesterday.
   → This is the car **which/that** the mechanic repaired yesterday.

2. He is the man. I invited him to the party.
   → He is the man **who/whom/that** I invited to the party.

3. She is the woman. I saw her at the party.
   → She is the woman **who/whom/that** I saw at the party.

4. They are the people. I met them during the trip.
   → They are the people **who/whom/that** I met during the trip.

5. These are the books. I bought them yesterday.
   → These are the books **which/that** I bought yesterday.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| mechanic | /mɪˈkænɪk/ | n. | 机械师，技工 | 修理汽车的工人 |
| repair | /rɪˈpeə/ | v. | 修理 | repair a car 修理汽车；同义词fix |
| invite | /ɪnˈvaɪt/ | v. | 邀请 | invite sb to sp 邀请某人去某地 |
| trip | /trɪp/ | n. | 旅行 | a trip to... 去……的旅行 |
| during | /ˈdjʊərɪŋ/ | prep. | 在……期间 | during the trip 在旅途中 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 定语从句关系代词系统总结

| 关系代词 | 指代 | 从句成分 | 能否省略 | 例句 |
|----------|------|----------|----------|------|
| who | 人 | 主语/宾语 | 作宾语时可省 | The man who came is my father. |
| whom | 人 | 宾语 | 可省 | The man whom I saw is tall. |
| which | 物 | 主语/宾语 | 作宾语时可省 | The book which is on the desk is mine. |
| that | 人/物 | 主语/宾语 | 作宾语时可省 | The man that I met is kind. |

**只能用that的情况：**
1. 先行词被最高级修饰时：This is the best film **that** I have ever seen.
2. 先行词被the only, the very, the first等修饰时：This is the very book **that** I want.
3. 先行词既有人又有物时：The man and his dog **that** passed here left footprints.
4. 先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing等时：Everything **that** he said was true.

**只能用which/who不用that的情况：**
1. 在非限制性定语从句中
2. 关系代词前有介词时：This is the house **in which** I was born.

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **He is the man whom I invited to the party.**
   - whom在从句中作invited的宾语
   - 口语中whom常被who或that替代，也可省略

2. **This is the car which the mechanic repaired yesterday.**
   - which在从句中作repaired的宾语，可以省略
   - 也可用that替换which

3. **She is the woman who/that I saw at the party.**
   - 关系代词指人，作宾语，who/whom/that均可
   - 口语中最常省略关系代词

## 五、课文翻译

1. 这就是那辆车。机械师昨天修理了它。
   → 这就是机械师昨天修理的那辆车。

2. 他就是那个人。我邀请他参加聚会了。
   → 他就是我邀请参加聚会的那个人。

3. 她就是那位女士。我在聚会上看到她了。
   → 她就是我在聚会上看到的那位女士。

4. 他们就是那些人。我在旅行中遇到了他们。
   → 他们就是我在旅行中遇到的那些人。

5. 这些就是那些书。我昨天买了它们。
   → 这些就是我昨天买的那些书。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **关系代词的选择原则**：先行词是人选who/whom/that，先行词是物选which/that。

2. **whom与who的区别**：whom是who的宾格形式，在正式书面语中使用whom，口语中常用who代替whom，也可直接省略。

3. **定语从句的位置**：定语从句必须紧跟在先行词之后，不能隔开。

4. **that的通用性**：that既可以指人也可以指物，是最灵活的关系代词，但在非正式场合口语中，作宾语时常常省略。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 将两个简单句合并为含定语从句的复合句
2. 选择正确的关系代词填空（who/whom/which/that）
3. 判断关系代词在从句中作主语还是宾语
4. 练习关系代词的省略规则

## 八、本课小结

- **核心语法**：定语从句关系代词who/whom/which/that的系统操练
- **关键规则**：指人用who/whom/that，指物用which/that；作宾语可省略
- **易错点**：that的特殊使用场合（先行词被最高级/序数词修饰时只能用that）
- **重点技能**：将两个简单句合并为含定语从句的复合句