# 第一册 Lesson 121 The man in a hat 戴帽子的男士

## 一、课文原文

Listen to the tape then answer this question. Why didn't Caroline recognize the customer straight away?

**CUSTOMER:** I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an hour ago, but I forgot to take them with me.

**MANAGER:** Who served you, sir?

**CUSTOMER:** The lady who is standing behind the counter.

**MANAGER:** Which books did you buy?

**CUSTOMER:** The books which are on the counter.

**MANAGER:** Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago, Caroline? He says he's the man who bought these books.

**CAROLINE:** I can't remember. The man who I served was wearing a hat.

**MANAGER:** Have you got a hat, sir?

**CUSTOMER:** Yes, I have.

**MANAGER:** Would you put it on, please?

**CUSTOMER:** All right.

**MANAGER:** Is this the man that you served, Caroline?

**CAROLINE:** Yes. I recognize him now.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| customer | /ˈkʌstəmə/ | n. | 顾客 | 指商店的顾客，client通常指专业服务的客户 |
| forget | /fəˈɡet/ | v. | 忘记 | 过去式forgot，过去分词forgotten；forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 |
| manager | /ˈmænɪdʒə/ | n. | 经理 | manage v. 管理；management n. 管理 |
| serve | /sɜːv/ | v. | 接待，服务 | serve sb 为某人服务；service n. 服务 |
| counter | /ˈkaʊntə/ | n. | 柜台 | behind the counter 在柜台后面 |
| recognize | /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ | v. | 认出 | recognize sb 认出某人；recognition n. 认出，承认 |
| dictionary | /ˈdɪkʃənri/ | n. | 词典 | 复数dictionaries；look up a word in a dictionary 查词典 |
| wear | /weə/ | v. | 穿戴 | 过去式wore；wear a hat 戴帽子；表示状态用be wearing |

## 三、语法知识点

### 定语从句（who / whom / which / that）

定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，被修饰的名词叫"先行词"，引导定语从句的词叫"关系代词"。

| 关系代词 | 用法 | 先行词类型 | 在从句中的成分 |
|----------|------|-----------|---------------|
| who | 指人 | 人 | 主语/宾语 |
| whom | 指人 | 人 | 宾语（正式用语） |
| which | 指物 | 物 | 主语/宾语 |
| that | 指人或物 | 人/物 | 主语/宾语 |

**课文例句：**

1. **who引导（作主语）：**
   - The lady **who is standing behind the counter**.（站在柜台后面的那位女士。）
   - The man **who I served** was wearing a hat.（我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。who作served的宾语）

2. **which引导（作主语）：**
   - The books **which are on the counter**.（柜台上的那些书。）

3. **that引导（作宾语）：**
   - Is this the man **that you served**, Caroline?（卡罗琳，这就是你接待过的那个人吗？）

**关系代词的省略规则：**
- 关系代词在从句中作**宾语**时可以省略
- 关系代词在从句中作**主语**时不能省略

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an hour ago, but I forgot to take them with me.**
   - forget to do sth 忘记要做某事（事情还没做）
   - forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（事情已经做了）
   - take sth with sb 随身带走某物

2. **He says he's the man who bought these books.**
   - 主句He says + 宾语从句he's the man + 定语从句who bought these books
   - 三重从句嵌套结构

3. **Would you put it on, please?**
   - Would you...? 委婉请求句型
   - put on 穿上/戴上（动作）；反义词take off 脱下

4. **The man who I served was wearing a hat.**
   - who在从句中作served的宾语，可省略为The man I served
   - was wearing 过去进行时，强调当时的状态

## 五、课文翻译

**顾客：** 半小时以前我在这里买了两本很贵的辞典，但是我忘了拿走。

**经理：** 是谁接待您的，先生？

**顾客：** 站在柜台后面的那位女士。

**经理：** 您买的是两本什么书？

**顾客：** 就是柜台上的那两本。

**经理：** 卡罗琳，半小时前你接待过这位先生吗？他说他就是买这两本书的人。

**卡罗琳：** 我记不起来了。我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。

**经理：** 先生，您有帽子吗？

**顾客：** 有的，我有帽子。

**经理：** 请您把帽子戴上好吗？

**顾客：** 好吧。

**经理：** 卡罗琳，这就是你接待过的那个人吗？

**卡罗琳：** 是他。我现在认出他来了。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **half an hour**：半小时。注意不用"a half hour"。同理，half a day 半天，half a pound 半磅。

2. **forget to take them with me**：forget后接不定式表示"忘记去做某事"（未做），接动名词表示"忘记做过某事"（已做）。如：I forgot locking the door.（我忘记已经锁了门。）

3. **The lady who is standing behind the counter**：定语从句who is standing behind the counter修饰The lady，相当于一个形容词的作用。

4. **Would you put it on, please?**：put on强调穿戴的**动作**，而wear强调穿戴的**状态**。本句用put on是因为请求对方执行"戴上"这个动作。

5. **I recognize him now**：recognize强调"认出"的瞬间结果，而know表示"认识"的持续状态。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 用who/whom/which/that填空，练习定语从句关系代词的选择
2. 区分关系代词作主语和作宾语时的省略规则
3. that与which/who的互换练习
4. 翻译练习：将含定语从句的中文句子译为英文

## 八、本课小结

- **核心语法**：定语从句，掌握who/whom/which/that的用法区别
- **关键规则**：关系代词指人用who/whom/that，指物用which/that；作宾语可省略，作主语不可省略
- **重点词汇**：customer, forget(forgot), serve, recognize, counter
- **交际功能**：商店购物场景中的辨认与描述