# 第一册 Lesson 120 It had already happened. 已经发生了。

## 一、课文原文

Look at number 1.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was having dinner when he arrived.
What did you do when he arrived?
I had already had dinner when he arrived.

Look at number 2.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was having a bath when he arrived.
What did you do when he arrived?
I had already had a bath when he arrived.

Look at number 3.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was cooking a meal when he arrived.
What did you do when he arrived?
I had already cooked a meal when he arrived.

Look at number 4.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was washing the dishes when he arrived.
What did you do when he arrived?
I had already washed the dishes when he arrived.

Look at number 5.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was working in the garden when he arrived.
What did you do when he arrived?
I had already worked in the garden when he arrived.

Look at number 6.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was painting the bookcase when he arrived.
What did you do when he arrived?
I had already painted the bookcase when he arrived.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| bath | /bɑːθ/ | n. | 洗澡 | have a bath 洗澡；bathe v. 沐浴 |
| already | /ɔːlˈredi/ | adv. | 已经 | had already done 已经做了 |
| meal | /miːl/ | n. | 一餐 | cook a meal 做饭 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 过去进行时与过去完成时的对比

**过去进行时**：过去某一时刻正在进行的动作

> I was having dinner when he arrived. 他到达时我正在吃晚饭。

**过去完成时**：在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作

> I had already had dinner when he arrived. 他到达时我已经吃过了晚饭。

| 时态 | 构成 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|------|
| 过去进行时 | was/were + v.-ing | 正在做（未完成） | I was having dinner. |
| 过去完成时 | had + 过去分词 | 已经做了（已完成） | I had already had dinner. |

### 三种过去时态的对比

| 时态 | 构成 | 用法 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|------|
| 一般过去时 | v.-ed | 过去发生的动作 | He arrived at 7. |
| 过去进行时 | was/were + v.-ing | 过去某时正在做 | I was having dinner. |
| 过去完成时 | had + v.-ed | 过去之前已完成 | I had already had dinner. |

**时间轴**：
```
had dinner（过去完成时）   he arrived（一般过去时）   now
    过去的过去                  过去                现在
```

### had already done 的结构

| 句型 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| had already + 过去分词 | 在……之前已经…… | I had already cooked a meal. |
| had + just + 过去分词 | 刚刚…… | I had just finished. |
| had not + 过去分词 + yet | 还没有…… | I had not finished yet. |

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. What were you doing when he arrived? 他到的时候你正在做什么？

> What were you doing when he arrived?

- 过去进行时：强调当时正在进行的动作

### 2. What did you do when he arrived? 他到的时候你做了什么？

> What did you do when he arrived?

- 一般过去时：询问当时的情况
- 回答用过去完成时，表示在此之前已完成

### 3. I had already had dinner when he arrived. 他到时我已经吃过晚饭了。

> I had already had dinner when he arrived.

- had already had：第一个 had 是助动词，第二个 had 是 have 的过去分词
- already 放在 had 和过去分词之间

### 4. I had already cooked a meal when he arrived. 他到时我已经做好饭了。

> I had already cooked a meal when he arrived.

- had + cooked（过去分词）
- already 强调在到达之前已经完成

## 五、课文翻译

看第1个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在吃晚饭。他到达时你做了什么？他到达时我已经吃过晚饭了。

看第2个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在洗澡。他到达时你做了什么？他到达时我已经洗过澡了。

看第3个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在做饭。他到达时你做了什么？他到达时我已经做好饭了。

看第4个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在洗碗。他到达时你做了什么？他到达时我已经洗完碗了。

看第5个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在花园干活。他到达时你做了什么？他到达时我已经干完花园的活了。

看第6个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在给书架上油漆。他到达时你做了什么？他到达时我已经给书架上完油漆了。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **过去进行时 vs 过去完成时**：过去进行时强调"正在进行"，过去完成时强调"已经完成"。I was having dinner（正在吃，还没吃完）vs I had already had dinner（已经吃完了）。

2. **already 的位置**：already 放在 had 和过去分词之间。had already done（正确），already had done（错误）。这与现在完成时中 already 的位置一致：have already done。

3. **had had 的结构**：I had already had dinner 中，第一个 had 是助动词（构成过去完成时），第二个 had 是实义动词 have 的过去分词（吃、有）。虽然看起来重复，但语法完全正确。

4. **when 引导的过去完成时**：when he arrived 是一个过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时表示在这个时间点之前已经完成的动作。

5. **否定形式**：I had not (hadn't) had dinner yet when he arrived. 他到时我还没吃晚饭。yet 用于否定句末或 had not 之后。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 掌握过去完成时的构成：had + 过去分词
2. 区分过去进行时（正在做）和过去完成时（已经做了）
3. 熟练使用 had already done 结构
4. 注意 already 在 had 和过去分词之间的位置
5. 理解"过去的过去"这一概念

## 八、本课小结

本课是Lesson 119的配套练习课，核心语法为**过去完成时的系统操练**：
- 过去进行时：was/were + v.-ing，表示过去正在进行的动作
- 过去完成时：had + 过去分词，表示过去之前已完成的动作
- had already + 过去分词：在……之前已经……
- 三种过去时态对比：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时
- already 放在 had 和过去分词之间