# 第一册 Lesson 119 A true story 一个真实的故事

## 一、课文原文

Do you like stories? I want to tell you a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.

While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen. After they had entered the house, they went into the dining-room. It was very dark, so they turned on a torch. Suddenly, they heard a voice behind them.

"What's up? What's up?" someone called. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.

George heard the noise and came downstairs quickly. He turned on the light, but he couldn't see anyone. The thieves had already gone. But George's parrot, Henry, was still there.

"What's up, George?" he called.

"Nothing, Henry," George said and smiled. "Go back to sleep."

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| story | /ˈstɔːri/ | n. | 故事 | a true story 一个真实的故事 |
| happen | /ˈhæpən/ | v. | 发生 | happen to sb. 发生在某人身上 |
| thief | /θiːf/ | n. | 小偷 | 复数：thieves |
| enter | /ˈentə/ | v. | 进入 | enter the house 进入房子 |
| dark | /dɑːk/ | adj. | 黑暗的 | It was very dark. 非常黑。 |
| torch | /tɔːtʃ/ | n. | 手电筒 | turn on a torch 打开手电筒；美式：flashlight |
| voice | /vɔɪs/ | n. | 声音，嗓音 | hear a voice 听到声音 |
| parrot | /ˈpærət/ | n. | 鹦鹉 | George's parrot 乔治的鹦鹉 |
| downstairs | /ˌdaʊnˈsteəz/ | adv. | 楼下 | come downstairs 下楼 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）

**构成**：had + 过去分词

| 主语 | 肯定 | 否定 |
|------|------|------|
| I/You | had entered | had not entered |
| He/She | had gone | had not gone |
| We/They | had left | had not left |

**用法**：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即"过去的过去"。

### 过去完成时与一般过去时的对比

| 时态 | 含义 | 例句 | 时间关系 |
|------|------|------|---------|
| 一般过去时 | 过去发生的动作 | They went into the dining-room. | 过去 |
| 过去完成时 | 过去之前已完成的动作 | They had entered the house. | 过去的过去 |

**时间轴**：
```
had entered（过去完成时）→ went into（一般过去时）→ now
     过去的过去              过去              现在
```

### 过去完成时的使用条件

1. **与 by/before 引导的时间状语连用**：
   - By the time I arrived, he had left.

2. **与 after/before 引导的从句连用**：
   - After they had entered the house, they went into the dining-room.

3. **表示过去的过去**：
   - The thieves had already gone. 小偷已经跑了。

### 过去完成时与过去进行时的配合

| 时态 | 用法 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| 过去进行时 | 背景动作 | While George was reading in bed... |
| 过去完成时 | 先于主句的动作 | After they had entered the house... |
| 一般过去时 | 叙事的主要动作 | they went into the dining-room. |

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. It happened to a friend of mine. 这事发生在我的一位朋友身上。

> It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.

- happen to sb. 发生在某人身上
- a friend of mine 我的一个朋友（双重所有格）

### 2. After they had entered the house, they went into the dining-room. 他们进屋后，走进了饭厅。

> After they had entered the house, they went into the dining-room.

- After + 过去完成时，主句 + 一般过去时
- 表示先进入，再走到饭厅

### 3. The thieves had already gone. 小偷已经逃走了。

> The thieves had already gone.

- 过去完成时 + already 表示"已经"
- 在乔治开灯之前，小偷已经跑了

### 4. ran away as quickly as they could 尽可能快地逃走了

> The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.

- as + 副词 + as one can 尽可能……地
- = ran away as quickly as possible

## 五、课文翻译

你喜欢听故事吗？我要告诉你一个真实的故事。这是一年前发生在我一个朋友身上的事。

当我的朋友乔治在床上看书时，两个小偷爬进了他的厨房。他们进到屋里后，走进了饭厅。饭厅很暗，于是他们打开了手电筒。突然他们听到身后有声音。

"什么事？什么事？"有人叫着。小偷扔下了手电筒，飞速地逃走了。

乔治听到响声，赶快下了楼。他打开灯，但没看到任何人。小偷已经逃走了。但乔治的鹦鹉亨利还在那里。

"怎么了，乔治？"它叫道。

"没事，亨利，"乔治笑着说。"回去睡觉吧。"

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **a friend of mine 双重所有格**：a + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词。a friend of mine 我的朋友，a book of his 他的书。不能说 a friend of me。

2. **happen to sb.**：表示"发生在某人身上"。What happened to you? 你怎么了？A strange thing happened to me. 一件怪事发生在我身上。

3. **After + 过去完成时**：当 after 引导从句时，从句可以用过去完成时来强调先后关系。After they had entered... 比 After they entered... 更强调"进入"发生在"走进饭厅"之前。

4. **as...as one can = as...as possible**：as quickly as they could = as quickly as possible 尽可能快地。as much as you can 尽可能多地。

5. **故事的幽默**：小偷被鹦鹉的叫声"What's up?"吓跑了，因为鹦鹉模仿人说话，小偷以为屋里有人。而鹦鹉对乔治也说"What's up?"，说明这只是鹦鹉的日常用语。

6. **voice, sound, noise 的区别**：voice 指人说话或唱歌的声音；sound 泛指任何声音；noise 指噪音或嘈杂声。文中 hear a voice 听到（人的）声音，hear the noise 听到响声。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 掌握过去完成时的构成：had + 过去分词
2. 理解过去完成时的用法：表示"过去的过去"
3. 掌握 After + 过去完成时 + 一般过去时的句型
4. 熟悉 as...as one can / as...as possible 结构
5. 区分 voice, sound, noise

## 八、本课小结

本课核心语法为**过去完成时**：
- 构成：had + 过去分词
- 用法：表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作（过去的过去）
- After + 过去完成时，主句 + 一般过去时
- had already + 过去分词：已经做了某事
- 重点词汇：happen to, thief/thieves, enter, torch, voice, parrot
- 重点结构：as...as one can, a friend of mine