# 第一册 Lesson 118 What were you doing? 你当时在做什么？

## 一、课文原文

Look at number 1.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was cooking when he arrived.

Look at number 2.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was washing the dishes when he arrived.

Look at number 3.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was working in the garden when he arrived.

Look at number 4.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was typing a letter when he arrived.

Look at number 5.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was shaving when he arrived.

Look at number 6.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was boiling the milk when he arrived.

Look at number 7.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was painting the bookcase when he arrived.

Look at number 8.
What were you doing when he arrived?
I was dusting the dressing table when he arrived.

Look at number 9.
What were you doing while he was reading?
I was cooking while he was reading.

Look at number 10.
What were you doing while he was reading?
I was washing the dishes while he was reading.

Look at number 11.
What were you doing while he was reading?
I was working in the garden while he was reading.

Look at number 12.
What were you doing while he was reading?
I was typing a letter while he was reading.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| cook | /kʊk/ | v. | 烹饪 | cook a meal 做饭 |
| wash | /wɒʃ/ | v. | 洗 | wash the dishes 洗碗 |
| dish | /dɪʃ/ | n. | 盘子 | dishes 碗碟 |
| garden | /ˈɡɑːdn/ | n. | 花园 | work in the garden 在花园干活 |
| type | /taɪp/ | v. | 打字 | type a letter 打一封信 |
| shave | /ʃeɪv/ | v. | 刮胡子 | shaving 正在刮胡子 |
| boil | /bɔɪl/ | v. | 煮沸 | boil the milk 煮牛奶 |
| paint | /peɪnt/ | v. | 油漆 | paint the bookcase 给书架上油漆 |
| dust | /dʌst/ | v. | 掸灰 | dust the dressing table 掸梳妆台的灰 |
| bookcase | /ˈbʊkkeɪs/ | n. | 书架 | book + case |
| dressing table | /ˈdresɪŋ ˈteɪbl/ | n. | 梳妆台 | dressing table 梳妆台 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 过去进行时的问答句型

**What were you doing when...?** 询问过去某事发生时在做什么

| 问句 | 回答 |
|------|------|
| What were you doing when he arrived? | I was cooking when he arrived. |
| What were you doing when the phone rang? | I was having dinner when the phone rang. |

**What were you doing while...?** 询问过去某事进行期间在做什么

| 问句 | 回答 |
|------|------|
| What were you doing while he was reading? | I was cooking while he was reading. |
| What were you doing while she was sleeping? | I was working while she was sleeping. |

### when 与 while 在过去进行时中的对比

| 连词 | 从句时态 | 主句时态 | 含义 |
|------|---------|---------|------|
| when | 一般过去时 | 过去进行时 | 当……发生时，我正在…… |
| while | 过去进行时 | 过去进行时 | 在……的同时，我在…… |

**when 从句**（短动作 + 长动作）：
- I was cooking **when** he arrived. 他到达时我正在做饭。
- 强调"到达"这个短动作打断了"做饭"这个长动作

**while 从句**（长动作 + 长动作）：
- I was cooking **while** he was reading. 他在读书时我在做饭。
- 强调两个动作同时进行

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. What were you doing when he arrived? 他到的时候你在做什么？

> What were you doing when he arrived?

- 过去进行时的特殊疑问句
- when + 一般过去时（点时间）

### 2. I was cooking when he arrived. 他到的时候我正在做饭。

> I was cooking when he arrived.

- 主句：过去进行时（背景动作）
- when 从句：一般过去时（突发事件）

### 3. What were you doing while he was reading? 他读书的时候你在做什么？

> What were you doing while he was reading?

- while + 过去进行时（段动作）
- 强调同时进行

### 4. I was cooking while he was reading. 他读书时我在做饭。

> I was cooking while he was reading.

- 两个过去进行时同时出现
- 表示两个长动作同时发生

## 五、课文翻译

看第1个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在做饭。

看第2个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在洗碗。

看第3个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在花园里干活。

看第4个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在打一封信。

看第5个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在刮胡子。

看第6个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在煮牛奶。

看第7个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在给书架上油漆。

看第8个。他到达时你在做什么？他到达时我正在掸梳妆台的灰。

看第9个。他读书的时候你在做什么？他读书时我正在做饭。

看第10个。他读书的时候你在做什么？他读书时我正在洗碗。

看第11个。他读书的时候你在做什么？他读书时我正在花园里干活。

看第12个。他读书的时候你在做什么？他读书时我正在打一封信。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **when 与 while 的时态搭配**：when 从句多用一般过去时（短动作），while 从句多用过去进行时（长动作）。这是固定搭配，不能混淆。

2. **dust 作动词**：dust 常作名词"灰尘"，但也可作动词"掸灰"。dust the table 掸桌子上的灰。类似：water（水→浇水），book（书→预订）。

3. **paint 作动词**：paint 可表示"画画"或"刷油漆"。paint a picture 画画，paint the door 刷门漆。

4. **boil 的用法**：boil 指"煮沸"，boil water 烧水，boil the milk 热牛奶。boiling 正在沸腾，boiled 已煮开的。

5. **when 可放在句首或句末**：When he arrived, I was cooking. = I was cooking when he arrived. 两种语序都正确，但注意放在句首时加逗号。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 熟练使用 What were you doing when/while...? 提问
2. 掌握 when + 一般过去时 + 过去进行时 的句型
3. 掌握 while + 过去进行时 + 过去进行时 的句型
4. 区分 when 和 while 在时态搭配上的不同
5. 熟记日常活动动词的 -ing 形式

## 八、本课小结

本课是Lesson 117的配套练习课，核心语法为**过去进行时的问答操练**：
- What were you doing when...? + 一般过去时
- What were you doing while...? + 过去进行时
- when：短动作打断长动作
- while：两个长动作同时进行
- 重点动词：cook, wash, type, shave, boil, paint, dust