# 第一册 Lesson 117 Tommy's breakfast 汤米的早餐

## 一、课文原文

When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.

There were coins everywhere. We looked for them, but we could not find them all.

While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.

He put them both into his mouth. We both tried to get the coins, but it was too late. Tommy had already swallowed them!

Late that morning, when I was doing the housework, my husband phoned me from the office.

'How's Tommy?' he asked.

'I don't know,' I answered, 'Tommy's been to the toilet three times this morning, but I haven't had any change yet!'

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| dining room | /ˈdaɪnɪŋ ruːm/ | n. | 饭厅 | dining 饭用的，room 房间 |
| coin | /kɔɪn/ | n. | 硬币 | small coins 小硬币 |
| mouth | /maʊθ/ | n. | 嘴 | into his mouth 进到嘴里 |
| swallow | /ˈswɒləʊ/ | v. | 吞下 | swallowed 吞下了（过去式） |
| later | /ˈleɪtə/ | adv. | 后来 | late that morning 那天上午晚些时候 |
| toilet | /ˈtɔɪlɪt/ | n. | 厕所 | have been to the toilet 去过厕所 |
| change | /tʃeɪndʒ/ | n. | 零钱；变化 | 双关语：零钱/变化 |
| drop | /drɒp/ | v. | 掉落 | dropped some coins 掉了一些硬币 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）

**构成**：was/were + 现在分词（v.-ing）

| 主语 | 肯定 | 否定 |
|------|------|------|
| I | was doing | was not doing |
| He/She | was going | was not going |
| We/They | were having | were not having |

**用法**：表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。

### 过去进行时与一般过去时的配合

**when/while 引导的时间状语从句**：

| 连词 | 从句时态 | 主句时态 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|---------|---------|------|------|
| when | 过去进行时 | 一般过去时 | 当……时，突然 | When he was going into the room, he dropped some coins. |
| while | 过去进行时 | 过去进行时 | 在……的同时 | While we were having breakfast, Tommy found coins. |

**when 与 while 的区别**：
- **when**：从句动作为进行时，主句动作突然发生（短动作打断长动作）
- **while**：两个动作同时进行（长动作与长动作）

### 过去进行时的常见句型

| 句型 | 例句 |
|------|------|
| was/were doing + when + did | I was reading when the phone rang. |
| while + was/were doing, + did | While we were eating, he arrived. |
| while + was/were doing, + was/were doing | While I was cooking, he was reading. |

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. When my husband was going into..., he dropped... 当我丈夫走进……时，他掉了……

> When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.

- when 引导时间状语从句
- 从句用过去进行时（背景动作），主句用一般过去时（主要事件）

### 2. While we were having breakfast... 正当我们吃早饭时……

> While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.

- while 引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时
- 表示"在……的过程中"

### 3. Tommy had already swallowed them! 汤米已经把它们吞下去了！

> Tommy had already swallowed them!

- 过去完成时：had + 过去分词
- 表示在过去的某个时间点之前已经完成的动作

### 4. I haven't had any change yet! 我还没看到任何零钱！

> Tommy's been to the toilet three times this morning, but I haven't had any change yet!

- change 双关语：零钱（硬币） / 变化
- yet 常用于否定句，表示"尚未"

## 五、课文翻译

今天早上我丈夫走进饭厅时，把一些硬币掉在了地板上。

到处都是硬币。我们找过了，但没有全部找到。

正当我们吃早饭时，我们的小儿子汤米在地板上发现了两枚小硬币。

他把两枚硬币都放进了嘴里。我们俩都试图把硬币拿出来，但太迟了。汤米已经把它们吞下去了！

那天上午晚些时候，当我正在做家务时，我丈夫从办公室给我打来电话。

"汤米怎么样了？"他问。

"我不知道，"我回答说，"汤米今天上午已经去了三次厕所了，但我还没看到任何'零钱'！"

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **when 与 while 的区别**：when 后面既可接进行时也可接一般时，while 后面通常接进行时。When I came in, he was reading.（正确）/ While I came in, he was reading.（错误，while 不接短暂动词）

2. **both 的用法**：He put them both into his mouth. 两枚都放进去了。We both tried. 我们俩都试了。both 放在代词后、实义动词前。

3. **change 的双关**：本课的幽默在于 change 的双关含义——"零钱"和"变化"。母亲说"没有 change"，既指没有看到排出的硬币（零钱），也指没有变化。这是英语中常见的双关语（pun）。

4. **had already swallowed**：过去完成时，表示在"我们试图取出硬币"之前，汤米"已经吞下去了"。过去完成时表示"过去的过去"。

5. **have been to 与 have gone to**：Tommy's been to the toilet 去过厕所（已回来）。have gone to 去了（还没回来）。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 掌握过去进行时的构成：was/were + v.-ing
2. 区分 when 和 while 引导时间状语从句的用法
3. 理解过去进行时（背景）与一般过去时（事件）的配合
4. 了解过去完成时的基本概念：had + 过去分词
5. 理解 change 的双关含义

## 八、本课小结

本课核心语法为**过去进行时**：
- 构成：was/were + 现在分词
- 用法：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
- when + 过去进行时，主句 + 一般过去时（短动作打断长动作）
- while + 过去进行时，主句 + 一般过去时/过去进行时
- 初步接触过去完成时：had already swallowed
- 重点：change 的双关语，both 的用法