# 第一册 Lesson 116 Every, no, any and some 每、无、任何和一些

## 一、课文原文

Look at number 1.
Is there anyone at home?
Yes, there's someone at home.
No, there's no one at home.

Look at number 2.
Is there anything in that box?
Yes, there's something in that box.
No, there's nothing in that box.

Look at number 3.
Did anyone telephone this morning?
Yes, someone telephoned this morning.
No, no one telephoned this morning.

Look at number 4.
Did anything happen last night?
Yes, something happened last night.
No, nothing happened last night.

Look at number 5.
Is everyone here?
Yes, everyone is here.

Look at number 6.
Is everything ready?
Yes, everything is ready.

Look at number 7.
I looked for the pen everywhere.
I couldn't find it anywhere.
It's nowhere to be found.

Look at number 8.
I put the pen somewhere.
I can't remember where I put it.
It must be somewhere in this room.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| everywhere | /ˈevriweə/ | adv. | 到处 | I looked everywhere. 我到处找了。 |
| anywhere | /ˈeniweə/ | adv. | 任何地方 | 用于否定/疑问句 |
| somewhere | /ˈsʌmweə/ | adv. | 某处 | 用于肯定句 |
| nowhere | /ˈnəʊweə/ | adv. | 无处 | Nowhere to be found. 哪里也找不到。 |
| ready | /ˈredi/ | adj. | 准备好的 | everything is ready 一切就绪 |
| happen | /ˈhæpən/ | v. | 发生 | Did anything happen? 发生什么事了吗？ |
| telephone | /ˈtelɪfəʊn/ | v./n. | 打电话；电话 | = call / phone |

## 三、语法知识点

### 不定代词/不定副词完整体系

**指人的不定代词**：

| 肯定 | 否定/疑问 | 全部否定 | 全部 |
|------|----------|---------|------|
| someone | anyone | no one | everyone |
| somebody | anybody | nobody | everybody |

**指物的不定代词**：

| 肯定 | 否定/疑问 | 全部否定 | 全部 |
|------|----------|---------|------|
| something | anything | nothing | everything |

**指地点的不定副词**：

| 肯定 | 否定/疑问 | 全部否定 |
|------|----------|---------|
| somewhere | anywhere | nowhere |

**用法对照表**：

| 句式 | 用词 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| 肯定句 | some- 类 | Someone is at home. |
| 否定句 | any- 类 | There isn't anyone at home. |
| 疑问句 | any- 类 | Is there anyone at home? |
| 全部否定 | no- 类 | No one is at home. |

### 否定句中的转换

| no- 类 | = not + any- 类 |
|--------|----------------|
| no one | not anyone |
| nothing | not anything |
| nowhere | not anywhere |

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. Is there anyone/anything...? 有没有人/什么……？

> Is there anyone at home? / Is there anything in that box?

- 疑问句用 any- 类
- 肯定回答：Yes, there's someone/something...
- 否定回答：No, there's no one / nothing...

### 2. everywhere / anywhere / somewhere / nowhere

> I looked for the pen everywhere. I couldn't find it anywhere.

- everywhere 到处（肯定句）
- anywhere 任何地方（否定/疑问句）
- somewhere 某处（肯定句）
- nowhere 无处（全部否定）

## 五、课文翻译

看第1个。家里有人吗？是的，家里有人。不，家里没有人。

看第2个。那个盒子里有什么东西吗？是的，盒子里有东西。不，盒子里什么也没有。

看第3个。今天早上有人打电话来吗？是的，今天早上有人打来电话。不，今天早上没有人打电话。

看第4个。昨晚发生了什么事吗？是的，昨晚发生了什么事。不，昨晚什么也没发生。

看第5个。大家都到了吗？是的，大家都到了。

看第6个。一切就绪了吗？是的，一切就绪了。

看第7个。我到处找那支钢笔。我哪里也找不到。它哪儿也找不到。

看第8个。我把钢笔放在某处了。我记不清放在哪里了。它一定在这个房间的某个地方。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **someone 与 somebody**：意思完全相同，someone 更正式，somebody 更口语化。同样，anyone/anybody, no one/nobody, everyone/everybody 也如此。

2. **no one 与 nobody**：no one 是两个词，nobody 是一个词，意思相同。注意 no one 不能写成 noone。

3. **nowhere 的用法**：nowhere 常放在句末。It's nowhere to be found. 哪里也找不到。nowhere 也可放句首，但需要倒装：Nowhere could I find the pen.

4. **somewhere in this room**：somewhere 后可接介词短语，表示"某处的某地"。somewhere in the park 公园某处，somewhere near here 这附近某处。

5. **请求/建议用 some- 类**：Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗？（虽然疑问句但表示邀请，用 something）

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 掌握 some-/any-/no-/every- 构成的不定代词和不定副词
2. 熟练进行肯定句、否定句、疑问句之间的转换
3. 掌握 no- = not + any- 的等价转换
4. 注意 everywhere/anywhere/somewhere/nowhere 的副词用法
5. 理解请求/建议句中用 some- 类的例外情况

## 八、本课小结

本课是Lesson 115的配套练习课，核心语法为**不定代词和不定副词的系统操练**：
- some- 类用于肯定句，any- 类用于否定/疑问句，no- 类表示全部否定
- 不定代词：someone/anyone/no one/everyone, something/anything/nothing/everything
- 不定副词：somewhere/anywhere/nowhere/everywhere
- no- = not + any- 的等价转换