# 第一册 Lesson 110 How do they compare? 比较一下

## 一、课文原文

Look at number 1.
Have you got any chocolate?
I haven't got much.
I've got more than you have.

Look at number 2.
Have you got any coffee?
I haven't got much.
I've got more than you have.

Look at number 3.
Have you got any books?
I haven't got many.
I've got more than you have.

Look at number 4.
Have you got any biscuits?
I haven't got many.
I've got more than you have.

Look at number 5.
I've got less coffee than you have.
I've got fewer books than you have.

Look at number 6.
I've got the most.
I've got the least.
I've got the most.
I've got the fewest.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| much | /mʌtʃ/ | adj./pron. | 许多（不可数） | more 更多的，most 最多的 |
| many | /ˈmeni/ | adj./pron. | 许多（可数） | more 更多的，most 最多的 |
| more | /mɔː/ | adj./adv. | 更多的 | more than 多于 |
| less | /les/ | adj./adv. | 更少的（不可数） | less than 少于 |
| fewer | /ˈfjuːə/ | adj. | 更少的（可数） | fewer than 少于 |
| most | /məʊst/ | adj./adv. | 最多的 | the most 最多 |
| least | /liːst/ | adj./adv. | 最少的（不可数） | the least 最少 |
| fewest | /ˈfjuːɪst/ | adj. | 最少的（可数） | the fewest 最少 |

## 三、语法知识点

### much/many, more, most 与 little/few, less/least, fewer/fewest 对比

**可数名词用 many / fewer / fewest / more / most**：

| 级别 | 可数 | 不可数 |
|------|------|--------|
| 原级 | many books | much coffee |
| 比较级 | more books / fewer books | more coffee / less coffee |
| 最高级 | the most books / the fewest books | the most coffee / the least coffee |

**比较级句型**：

| 结构 | 例句 | 含义 |
|------|------|------|
| more + 不可数名词 + than | I've got more coffee than you have. | 我的咖啡比你多。 |
| more + 可数名词 + than | I've got more books than you have. | 我的书比你多。 |
| less + 不可数名词 + than | I've got less coffee than you have. | 我的咖啡比你少。 |
| fewer + 可数名词 + than | I've got fewer books than you have. | 我的书比你少。 |

### 易混淆点

| 搭配 | 正确 | 错误 |
|------|------|------|
| 修饰可数名词 | fewer books | less books (×) |
| 修饰不可数名词 | less coffee | fewer coffee (×) |
| 比较多少 | more than | much than (×) |

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. I haven't got much/many. 我没有多少。

> I haven't got much. / I haven't got many.

- much 修饰不可数名词（chocolate, coffee）
- many 修饰可数名词复数（books, biscuits）
- 在否定句中使用 much/many，在肯定句中用 a lot of

### 2. I've got more than you have. 我比你多。

> I've got more than you have.

- more 可用于可数和不可数名词
- than you have 比你（拥有的）

### 3. I've got less/fewer... than you have. 我比你少……

> I've got less coffee than you have. / I've got fewer books than you have.

- less + 不可数名词 + than
- fewer + 可数名词 + than

### 4. I've got the most/least/fewest. 我得到最多/最少。

> I've got the most. / I've got the least. / I've got the fewest.

- the most 最多的（可数和不可数通用）
- the least 最少的（不可数）
- the fewest 最少的（可数）

## 五、课文翻译

看第1个。你有巧克力吗？我没有多少。我比你多。

看第2个。你有咖啡吗？我没有多少。我比你多。

看第3个。你有书吗？我没有多少。我比你多。

看第4个。你有饼干吗？我没有多少。我比你多。

看第5个。我的咖啡比你少。我的书比你少。

看第6个。我得到最多。我得到最少（不可数）。我得到最多。我得到最少（可数）。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **less vs fewer**：这是英语中的常见考点。less 修饰不可数名词（less water, less time），fewer 修饰可数名词（fewer people, fewer books）。日常口语中常出现 less books 的用法，但在规范英语中应使用 fewer books。

2. **much/many 在否定句中**：I haven't got much/many 比 I haven't got a lot of 更常见。肯定句中多用 a lot of/plenty of。

3. **the most 双重用途**：the most 既可用于可数也可用于不可数。the most books 最多书，the most coffee 最多咖啡。

4. **the least 与 the fewest**：the least 修饰不可数名词（the least money），the fewest 修饰可数名词（the fewest students）。

5. **比较级中的省略**：I've got more than you have. 中 have 可以省略：I've got more than you.

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 掌握 much/many, more, most 用于比较
2. 区分 less（不可数）和 fewer（可数）的用法
3. 区分 the least（不可数）和 the fewest（可数）的用法
4. 练习 I've got more/less/fewer... than... 句型
5. 掌握 I've got the most/least/fewest 句型

## 八、本课小结

本课是Lesson 109的配套练习课，核心语法为**数量词的比较级和最高级**：
- 可数：many → more → the most / fewer → the fewest
- 不可数：much → more → the most / less → the least
- more than 多于，less than 少于（不可数），fewer than 少于（可数）
- the most 最多（通用），the least 最少（不可数），the fewest 最少（可数）