# 第一册 Lesson 108 How do they compare? 比较一下

## 一、课文原文

Look at number 1.
Sophie is tall. Paul is taller than Sophie. Hans is the tallest student in our class.

Look at number 2.
It is hot today. It was hotter yesterday. The day before yesterday was the hottest day in the year.

Look at number 3.
This test is difficult. The last test was more difficult. This is the most difficult test I have ever done!

Look at number 4.
This book is interesting. That book is more interesting. This is the most interesting book I have ever read.

Look at number 5.
This knife is sharp. That knife is sharper. This is the sharpest knife I have ever seen.

Look at number 6.
This girl is beautiful. That girl is more beautiful. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.

Look at number 7.
This car is expensive. That car is more expensive. This is the most expensive car I have ever seen.

Look at number 8.
This game is exciting. That game is more exciting. This is the most exciting game I have ever played.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| tall | /tɔːl/ | adj. | 高的 | taller, tallest |
| hot | /hɒt/ | adj. | 热的 | hotter, hottest（双写t） |
| sharp | /ʃɑːp/ | adj. | 锋利的 | sharper, sharpest |
| beautiful | /ˈbjuːtɪfl/ | adj. | 美丽的 | more beautiful, most beautiful |
| interesting | /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ | adj. | 有趣的 | more interesting, most interesting |
| exciting | /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ | adj. | 令人兴奋的 | more exciting, most exciting |
| ever | /ˈevə/ | adv. | 曾经 | I have ever done 我曾经做过的 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 形容词比较级和最高级的完整规则

**单音节和部分双音节形容词**（加 -er / -est）：

| 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 | 规则 |
|------|--------|--------|------|
| tall | taller | tallest | 一般加-er/-est |
| hot | hotter | hottest | 重读闭音节双写t |
| large | larger | largest | 以e结尾加-r/-st |
| easy | easier | easiest | 辅音+y变i加-er/-est |
| big | bigger | biggest | 重读闭音节双写g |

**多音节形容词**（加 more / most）：

| 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|------|--------|--------|
| difficult | more difficult | most difficult |
| interesting | more interesting | most interesting |
| beautiful | more beautiful | most beautiful |
| exciting | more exciting | most exciting |
| expensive | more expensive | most expensive |

### 最高级句型：the + 最高级 + I have ever...

> This is the most difficult test I have ever done!

- 这是我做过的最难的考试！
- I have ever done 是定语从句，修饰test
- ever 用于最高级后加强语气，表示"曾经"

### 不规则变化

| 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|------|--------|--------|
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| many/much | more | most |
| little | less | least |
| far | farther/further | farthest/furthest |

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. A is taller than B. A比B高。

> Paul is taller than Sophie.

- 比较级 + than + 比较对象

### 2. A is the tallest in... A是……中最高的。

> Hans is the tallest student in our class.

- the + 最高级 + 表示范围的介词短语
- in 表示范围（在……之中）

### 3. This is the most... I have ever... 这是我曾经……最……的

> This is the most difficult test I have ever done!

- the + 最高级 + 名词 + 定语从句
- ever 加强最高级的语气

## 五、课文翻译

看第1个。索菲很高。保罗比索菲更高。汉斯是我们班最高的学生。

看第2个。今天很热。昨天更热。前天是今年最热的一天。

看第3个。这次考试很难。上次考试更难。这是我做过的最难的考试！

看第4个。这本书很有趣。那本书更有趣。这是我读过的最有趣的书。

看第5个。这把刀很锋利。那把刀更锋利。这是我见过的最锋利的刀。

看第6个。这个女孩很漂亮。那个女孩更漂亮。她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。

看第7个。这辆车很贵。那辆车更贵。这是我见过的最贵的车。

看第8个。这个游戏很刺激。那个游戏更刺激。这是我玩过的最刺激的游戏。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **比较级和最高级的判断**：两者比较用比较级（taller than），三者及以上用最高级（the tallest）。

2. **多音节词的判断**：三个或更多音节的形容词一律用more/most。如 beautiful (3音节)、interesting (4音节)、expensive (3音节)。

3. **the day before yesterday**：前天。the day after tomorrow 后天。

4. **I have ever done/read/seen/played**：现在完成时作定语从句，修饰最高级后面的名词。ever 意为"曾经"，用在最高级后面加强语气。

5. **in the year**：in 表示范围，注意最高级搭配 in 还是 of：in + 大范围（in our class），of + 具体数量（of the three）。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 熟记形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化
2. 掌握单音节词加-er/-est，多音节词加more/most
3. 熟练使用 比较级 + than 和 the + 最高级 结构
4. 掌握 This is the most... I have ever... 句型
5. 练习用比较级和最高级描述事物

## 八、本课小结

本课是Lesson 107的配套练习课，核心语法为**形容词比较级和最高级的系统操练**：
- 单音节：加-er/-est（tall-taller-tallest, hot-hotter-hottest）
- 多音节：加more/most（beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful）
- 比较级 + than：Paul is taller than Sophie.
- the + 最高级 + 范围：Hans is the tallest student in our class.
- the + 最高级 + I have ever... 加强语气