# 第一册 Lesson 86 What have you done? 你做了什么？

## 一、课文原文

本课为练习课，无新对话课文。主要复习L85的语法内容，围绕现在完成时与一般过去时的对比进行句型操练。

**句型练习示例**：

1. Have you finished your homework? — Yes, I've already finished it. I finished it an hour ago.
2. Have you read this book? — Yes, I've already read it. I read it a week ago.
3. Have you seen this film? — Yes, I've already seen it. I saw it last month.
4. Have you had breakfast? — No, I haven't had breakfast yet.
5. Have you met Mr. Jones? — No, I haven't met him yet.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| finish | /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ | v. | 完成 | finish homework 完成作业 |
| homework | /ˈhəʊmwɜːk/ | n. | 家庭作业 | do homework 做作业 |
| read | /riːd/ | v. | 阅读 | read - read - read（过去式和原形同形） |
| film | /fɪlm/ | n. | 电影 | see a film 看电影 |
| meet | /miːt/ | v. | 遇见，见面 | meet - met - met |

## 三、语法知识点

### 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时（系统对比）

| 对比维度 | 现在完成时 | 一般过去时 |
|----------|-----------|-----------|
| 关注点 | 结果和影响 | 具体时间 |
| 时间标志 | already/just/yet/ever/never | ago/yesterday/last week/in 2020 |
| 典型问句 | Have you finished? | When did you finish? |
| 典型回答 | I've already finished. | I finished an hour ago. |

### 不规则动词过去式和过去分词

| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
|------|--------|----------|------|--------|----------|
| see | saw | seen | do | did | done |
| read | read | read | go | went | gone |
| write | wrote | written | take | took | taken |
| have | had | had | come | came | come |
| meet | met | met | buy | bought | bought |

## 四、重点句型分析

1. **Have you finished your homework?** — 现在完成时疑问句
2. **I've already finished it.** — already + 现在完成时
3. **I finished it an hour ago.** — ago + 一般过去时
4. **I haven't had breakfast yet.** — yet + 否定句

## 五、课文翻译

1. 你完成作业了吗？——是的，我已经完成了。我一小时前完成的。
2. 你读过这本书吗？——是的，我已经读过了。我一周前读的。
3. 你看过这部电影吗？——是的，我已经看过了。我上个月看的。
4. 你吃过早饭了吗？——没有，我还没吃。
5. 你见过琼斯先生吗？——没有，我还没见过他。

## 六、语言点精讲

1. **选择哪种时态**：如果关注"是否完成"用现在完成时；如果关注"何时完成"用一般过去时
2. **read 的发音**：原形 /riːd/，过去式和过去分词 /red/
3. **ever 的用法**：Have you ever been to...? 用于询问经历

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 熟练区分现在完成时和一般过去时
2. 记忆不规则动词的三态变化
3. 练习 already/just/yet 与时态的搭配
4. 掌握 Have you ever...? 句型

## 八、本课小结

- 课型：练习课
- 核心语法：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时系统对比
- 关键句型：Have you done...? I've already done..., I did it...ago.
- 重点：根据语境选择正确时态